International Herald Tribune , 1992, France, English

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fSWf No- 33,919

12/92

Published With The New \ork Times and The Washington Post

1* PARIS, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

Deadly Blast Levels
Israel’s Embassy
In Buenos Aires

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By Eugene Robinson

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■ •Vfffin k/y«rc BUENOS AIRES — A powerful

OIIol fr ultyo explosion destroyed the Israeli Em-

J bassy on Tuesday, Idfling at least 5

1IT - JU people, wounding more than 70

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WASHINGTON — Presi-
dent George Bush on Tuesday
rejected a congressional com-
promise to provide loan guar-
antees to Israel, key legislators
said.

*Tm frankly very, very dis-
appointed," Senator Patrick J.

The guarantee issue leaves
Israelis weighing Efe without
their chief aSy. Page 4.

Leahy, D emocrat of Vermont,
said after meeting with Mr.
Bosh to discuss toe proposed
deal. “This language js not ac-
ceptable to the president-"

Just before the meeting with
Mr. Leahy, Mr. Bush said he
did not believe that the loan
guarantees were “dead" but
that it was long-standing U.S.
policy that Israeli settlements
in occupied Arab territories
were obstacles to peace.

Mr. Bush said that if there
was “roam in that policy to
support” Jewish immigrants to
Israel, be would try to support
them.

“I've said over and over
again that we want to hdp ”
Mr. Bush said, adding, “but
we’re simply not going to shift
and change the foreign policy
of this country."

Israel -had requested S10 bil-
lion in loan guarantees over ,
fiveyears.

The congressional proposal ]
would have eased the linkage

See AID, Page 4

The Mast, which authorities said
might have been caused by a car
bomb, broke windows throughout
a five-block radius of centra! Bue-
nos Aires, sending broken glass
raining onto crowded streets. Many
of the wounded suffered cuts from
the gloss.

Only a corner of the three-stoiy
embassy building remained stand-
ing. The rest was reduced to a heap
of debris. Rescue workers said they
could hear survivors calling from
beneath the rubble, but progress
toward digging them out was ago-
nizingly slow.

The Israeli ambassador,

Shefir, was not in the embassy
when the explosion occurred short-
ly before 3 P.M. He declined com-
ment.

There was no sign of who might
have been responsible for the ex-
plosion. No rate immediately took
responsibility.

President Carlos Menem initially
blamed “Argentine Nazis" for the
attack, but he did not elaborate.
Other officials speculated that the
explosion might have been the
work of terrorists trying to scuttle
the Middle East peace process.

The Israeli defense minister,
Moshe Areas, in Washington on an
official visit, said the bombing was
apparently "part of a terrorist cam-
paign against Israel,” according to
news agency reports.

News agencies reported earlier
from Buenos A ires:

Police officials said a large bomb
could have been placed in a car.
Eleven vehicles parked in the street
near the embassy woe wrecked in
the blast

An official at the French Embas-
sy, who bend the explosion and
hurried to the scene, tdd French
television that he believed it was
caused by a car bomb.

, “Ifc-jot official; tot an the . ;
pieces of information suggest it was

See BOMB, Plage 4

CaU lhWlMm

Rescue workers searching for victims in the nibble after a powerful bond) destroyed the Israeli Embassy in central Buenos Aires on Tuesday,

Check Scandal Reaches High Into Bush Cabinet

By Paul F. Horvitz

International Herald Tribute

WASHINGTON — Three of President George
Bush's cabinet secretaries disclosed Tuesday that they
had overdrawn their accounts at the scandal-ridden
House of Representatives bank when they were in
Congress. Thor admissions were likely to bhmt what
the Republicans hoped would be a sharp election
weapon a gainst the Democrats.

Defense Secretary Dick Cheney said he had written
at least 21 “problem checks," and Agriculture Secretary
Edward Madigan said 49 of his checks on the bank bad
been written without enough money to cover them.
Labor Secretary Lynn Martin said she had 16 over-
drafts in 39 monthk All three secretaries came to the
Cabinet directly from the House-

The acknowledgments from prominent members of
the cabinet conld curb the zeal of some Republicans for

an all-out political attack on Democratic members of
Congress who were allowed to skirt accepted banking
practices.

Republican leaders in the House have harshly criti-
cized Democrats for the mann er in which the House
bank was ran, and Mr. Cheney said House Democratic
leaders should consider an apology.

But like many of the nearly 300 House members,
most of them Democrats, now smarting from revela-
tions that they had overdrafts at the bank. Mr. Cheney
said at a news conference that he had never been
informed by bank officials of his transgressions and
that his monthly bank statements had never showed a
negative balance.

- Mr. Cheney expressed anger and frustration at his
predicament, saying it was "aggravating" to be Tump-
ed together with others who were clearly abusing the

system." A few members regularly wrote eher*« over-
drawing their accounts until payday.

Mr. Bush, asked about Mr. Cheney’s situation, said,
"A lot of people are piling on," but be added that The
institution of Congress” would be a political campaign
issue.

Mr. Cheney said he felt that the House, in which he
served from 1979 to 1989, “was being badly maligned "
by critics when it was revealed that the unre gulated.
members-onfy House bank quietly covered checks
when funds were not available in individual accounts.

Mr. Madigan said: “More attention should have
been paid by me to the wodtihgs of this account
Clearly this is an embarrassment to me, my family and
friends."

1 He said that, in the 31 months -ending March 1991.
when he became agriculture secretary, 49 of Ms checks

See CHECKS, Page 4

U.S. Primaries 9 Winners Without a Cause

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CLASS iFi ?L

By Howell Raines

Hew York Tones Service

CHICAGO — The first wave of big prima-
ries is over, and the big new is that the back-
wash has left both parties with cold feet

Indeed, the front-runners look more like
shipwreck victims who have washed up on the
beach than sure-handed captains of the shy of
state. As a result, wfafle Illinois and Michigan
voted on Tuesday, a mako-the-best-of-it mood
gripped Democrats and Republicans alike.

The rolling psychodrama of Governor BID
Clinton’s campaign has been a blessing for
President George Bush becanse it has diverted

attention from an equally striking spectacle of
the early primaries — the tattering of a reputa-
tion for political competence that Mr. Bush had
Spent three decades budding.

The president's image of rudderlessness now
seems as rooted in the public mind as President

NEWS ANALYSIS

Ronald Reagan’s out-to-hmehness or President
Jimmy Carte’s vacillation. To prevent further
damage, the Roubhcan hierarchy has signaled
Patrick J. Buchanan that enough is enough.
After a few face-saving growls, Mr. Buchanan

mnst strike the tent of his medicine show or risk
permanent labeling in his party as the Republi-
cans' snake-oil salesman.

With Mr. Buchanan lamped down, the White
House could drag Mr. Bush back to the dress-
ing room, give the public time to forget his
squeakiness and try to bring him back at con-
vention time with one of the speechwri ter Peggy
Noonan's patented paeans to manly politics.
The political pros stilJ bet that Mr. Bush wxD be
bailed out by the economy and Democratic
crashes, but the dispirited Bushies all know that

See POLITICS, Page 4

Ktoslc — Worst Commute in the World

Is Nearing

son Libya ForEast Germans, 6V2 Hours on the Road

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UN Is Nearing
Bans on Libya

UNITED NATIONS. New
York (Reuters) — Western
governments circulated a
United Nations sanctions res-
olution on Tuesday calling for
a ban on all arms traffic and
air links with Libya and the
reduction of Libyan diplomat-
ic staffs until Tripoli surren-
ders agents accused of two
midair bombings.

The Security Council draft,
which also demands a commit-
ment by Libya, to cease all
forms of terrorism, was agreed
on by the United States, Brit-
ain and France.

The moves stem from Lib-
ya’s failure so far to carry out a
Jan. 21 resolution dem an d i ng
that it surrender for trial two
agents accused of bombing
pan Am Flight 103 ova Lock-
erbie, Scotland, in December
1988, and cooperate in the in-
vestigation of the bo mbi ng of
French UTA Flight 772 over
Niger in September 1989.

General Notts

C opmHmre t igehards of the ex-
Soviet Union held a c ongre ss
near Moscow. *■

Environmental war is hating
up along the old Nort h-Sou th
battle lines. Page 3-

Stage /Entertelmnefit

Art BuchwaJd and Alain Bem-
heim were awarded $900,000
for their contribution to the
Paramount [dm "Co ating to
America." Page *■

Tha Dollar

In waw Yorfc
V DM 1.6455

Up •; Pound 1.7355
19.68 van 132.795

. MS***.::* wii

By Marc Fisher

Washington Pott Sendee

REICHENBACH, Germany — Next time you
are swapping commute horror stories, spare a
moment for the hardy souls of Bus 308. the local
That churns through the night from Germany's
communism-scarred East to its capitalist West.

It is 1:55 on a cold, danm morning, and Simona
Kedwerfh and three other Eastern Goman women
midge toward Rekhenbach’s central bus station
carrying pillows, blankets and thermoses full of
hot coffee — armor against what lies between than
and the 6 AM. start of their work shift

As they do every night, they will board the 2: 12
and wind through the streets of medieval villages
that appear untouched by the 20th century. Then,
onto the autobahn that brings them across the old
East-West border and down through Bavaria, to
Nuremberg and the headqua r ters of Quelle, Ger-
many’s largest mail-order bouse.

Total 164 mfles (264 kilometers).

Tune: 3 hours IS minutes.

The Rekhenbach commuters are among about
500,000 Eastern Germans who travel daily toiobs
in the West, far from a collapsed economy where

24 percent of adults have no work and where jobs
that do exist pay only 60 percent of Western
salaries.

Bus 308’s destination is a parking lot that will be
filled long before dawn with dozens of buses
crowded with workers who will sort goods and
pack boxes for pay that is miserably low by West-
ern standards, but a bonanza for Easterners reding
from the shock of transition to a market-based
economy.

Mrs. Keilwerth, who lost her job in the photo lab
of an East German publishing house when West-
ern competition forced widespread layoffs, has
two children, 10 and 14, at home. To earn $16,000
a year before taxes, she travels up to eight beaus a
day and works another eight, arriving back home
with only one hour to spend with the kids before
she has to go to bed hersdf so she can do it all over
again.

Her husband, Klaus, an electrician, lost his job
and is now enrolled in a government training
program. Simona, 33, says she regrets having so
tittle time with the children and could do without

See COMMUTE, Page 4

Amok S^mednVAfcaoc FmcoPreMc

DIPLOMATIC DISCUSSION — The forma East German leader Erich Honecker,
left, talkmg with a special envoy from Ode, James Holger, in the Oalean Embassy in
Moscow on Tuesday. Mr. Holger had previously held talks with Russian officials on
the fate of Mr. Honecker, 79, who has taken refuge in the embassy since December,
seeking to avoid extraction to Germany where to is wanted on manslaughter charges.

Ethiopia 9 s Magnificent Marathoners Chase Gold Again

By Jane Perlez

New York Times Service

ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia —On a hfll behind
this mfle-and-a-half-higb city, this year’s most
awaited marathon runners are training on the
steep slopes and flat stretches, dodging donkeys
laden with straw and weaving among women
whose backs are piled with wood.

On one crisp morning recently, Abebe Mekon-
nen, the 1989 Boston Marathon champion, led a
pack of djte ninnere who were striding ihrcmgh
five leisurely laps of seven kflometers (about four

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fithon winner, gave the more seasoned Abebe a
deferential edge as they finished their weekly
endurance workout in the capital’s 2,400-meier-
high air.

In Barcelona this summer, Ethiopia’s magnifi-
cent distance. rennets, Hie stage stars who have

been hidden too long from curious audiences, will
be appearing in their first Olympics in 12 years.

The country’s old hard-line Marxist regime had
kept its athletes out of the 1 988 Olympics m Seoul,
■ in sympathy with absent North Korea, and away
from the 1984 games in Los Angeles, in order to
please the Soviet Union, its patron.

Since Abebe Bikila captured hearts at the 1960
Olympic Games in Rome by winning the mara-
thon barefoot and then won again — wearing
shoes — in 1964 in Tokyo, there has been interna-
tional affection bordering ou reverence for Ethio-
pian numers.

Mirets Yiftcr, now a coach here, was one of the
world's great distance runners of the 1970s. The
current world marathon record, of 2 tours, 6
minutes and 50 seconds, is held by an Ethiopian,
Belaya eh Densmo, wbo won the Rotterdam Mar-
athon in 1988 with that time. Last year, Ethiopian
marathoners, known for their Lightness and grace.

woo or placed in dozens of international races.

On Sunday. Tumme Turbefa and Lemma
Adngna finished first and second in the Tel Aviv
Marathon. On Saturday, Ethiopia will enter a full
team in the worfd cross-country championships in
Boston.

With the overthrow of the Marxist government
last year, Ethiopian runners, some of whom —
Abebe Mekonnen. for instance— prepared for the
last two Olympics only to have their hopes sbat-
toed by politics, have been given the go-ahead to
show their redoubtable strength.

The Ethiopians hope to do well in Barcelona,
not only in the men's marathon, but also in the
men’s 5.000-mcter and 10,000-meter events, the
women's 3,000 meters and 10,000 meters and the
men's and women's BOO- meter and 1,500- meter
races.

Abebe and Negash are among the 10 marath-
oners in contention for the three spots for Ethiopi-

an men in Barcelona. Addis Gezehne, 22, who
holds the African women's marathon record, also
is in training for the Olympics.

Ethiopian numers are endowed with a fo rtuna te
mix: natural athletic ability, dedicated re adies
and a high-altitude environment. Bui which ele-
ment of this mix makes the decisive difference can
be argued vociferously, the runners here say. Their
chief competitors in neighboring Kenya also have
talent and live at the high altitudes of the Rift
Valley, which the two countries share.

"People ask why we are good marathoners,"
said Nignssie Robe, the bead coach of die Frh Ioni-

an Athletics Federation for more ihan 20 years.

"To be in a high altitude is not enough," he said.
“You have to have a well-prepared training pro-
gram. My athletes are good because they have a

See RUN, Page 2

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ESTABLISHED 1887

Big Turnout
A Good Omen
For de Klerk
Reform Plan

liberal Whiles, Fearing
More Turmoil, Flock
To Vote in Referendum

By David B. Ottaway
and Paul Taylor

Washington Past Service

JOHANNESBURG — A heavy turnout in a
referendum on Tbesday raised expectations
that President Frederik W. de Klerk would win
a decisive victory in the whites-only voting that
he called to approve Ms program of change for
South Africa.

Early indications of an unusually large turn-
out among the country’s 3 3 million white vot-
ers eased concerns that highly motivated far-
rightist opponents would overwhelm the more
complacent “yes" voters. Results are to be
made public on Wednesday.

The referendum is perhaps the most impor-
tant ever held in South Africa. The minority
white population was essentially being asked to
approve or reject a plan for the gradual turn-
over of power to a black majority.

Mr. tie Klerk has said that he would resign if
he lost the referendum and would call a whites-
only general election, a step that Nelson Man-
dela, president of the African National Con-
gress, has warned would lead to
“unprecedented tunnofl.”

Leaders of the "yes" campaign woe conr
cerned about complacency, especially among
liberal, English-speaking whites, who nave cus-
tomarily stood aloof from politics. Those fears
now appear to have been baseless,

“This is absolutely staggering," said Pete
Jardine. a liberal town councillor from a suburb
of Johannesburg, as more than 250 prosperous-
1 p oking votes hned up outride a polling station
at noon, usually a slack period. "Toe rush
began as soon as the polls opened, and it hasn't
stopped."

He estimated that the vote in Ms Sand ton
district would be 80 percent “yes."

“My only concern is that we might not have
enough ballots to handle the crowd,” he said.

Dirk Cars tens, a National Party poU- watcher
at the same station, said. The English-speakers
have been living off the fat of the land for quite
a while in this cotmtiy, and I think the past few
weeks have been a real awakening for them."

Mr. de Klerk's National Party and the liberal
Democratic Party, bitter enemies for the last
decade, were thrown into an uneasy alliance on
the referendum.

Mayor Bruce Bums of Sandlon said a big
“yes" vote might drive Mate reactionaries to-
ward terrorist tactics, but added that “the white
reaction to a ‘yes’ vote will be much easier to
cot tain than the black reaction to a ’no' vote."

Omride the Johannesburg City Hall, a group
of grim-faced black youths watched whiles
stream into the budding to vote.

“If the Conservative Party wins,” said one
youth, Amandla Buthdezi, “it’s going to be a
big war against whites."

It was only the third tune in recent South
African history that the government had called
a referendum. In 1960, whites voted narrowly
to make South Africa a republic, and in 1983
they approved, by a 2- to- 1 margin, the creation
of a bicameral parliament giving the vote to
Indians and people of mixed raced.

Most of the South African press campaigned
vigorously along with the government, big busi-
ness. and sports and arts figures for a “yes"
vote. They argued that the alternative would be
a return to apartheid, stiff new economic sanc-
tions and renewed international isolation.

The opposition Conservative Party and its
rightist alhes campaigned for a “no" vote, offer-
ing a hazy virion of a separate white nation
linked in some kind of ethnically based com-
monwealth with South Africa’s blacks. This
was basically a revised form of the National
Party's old apartheid system, now abandoned.

Most projections on the referendum gave a
healthy edge to the “yes" vote, provided the
turnout among eligible whites was at least 70
percent.

Hongkong Bank
Seeks Midland
In Strategy Shift

By Erik Ipsen

International Herald Tribune
LONDON — Long-running, long-delayed
merger talks between Midland Bank PLC and
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. unex-
pectedly sprang to life on Tuesday, when the
Asian institution announced a friendly take-
over of the big British lender that would create
the world’s lOtb-largest bank.

The new bank, with assets of £145 billion
(S248.7 billion), would be by far the biggest in
Britain.

The merger, which must be approved by
regulatory authorities and bank shareholders,
would be achieved through a takeover of Mid-
land by Hongkong Bank, a deal that would
value Midlands shares “at a significant premi-
um," the companies said.

Hongkong Bank is expected to pay for the
purchase with its own shares, rather than cash,
m a deal that would value Midland at roughly
£3 billion. The Hong Kong institution already
bolds 14.9 percent of Midland, a stake acquired
for about £383 million after the global stock
market collapse of October 1987.

In Loudon, Midland Bank’s stock shot up 76
pence, to £3.21. Analysts speculated Midland
would likely fetch from £3.50 to £4 per share, a
price boosted by what are widely regarded asits
excellent turnaround prospects come the recov-
ery as well as the unique nature of the sale of a
major British bank.

“This is a once-in-a-century chance to buy
one of the four big clearing banks," said Norrie

See BANKS, Page 17

rageZ

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

French Voters, Disgusted, Set to Swim Against Mainstream

In recent months, Mr. Mitterrand, 75, has ap-
peared increasingly remote from daily affairs, to the
extent that foreign diplomats in Paris complain

By Joseph Fitchett

International Herald Tribune

PARIS — Amid forecasts of new lows in voter
turnout and new highs for fringe parties, France’s
regional elections on Sunday wifi be a barometer of
the nation’s listless, stagnating political life.

A mood of economic pessimism is darkened, com-
mentates say, by a feeling that the nation's leaders
have lost a dear sense of France’s international role
and even of how to manage domestic problems,
especially tensi ons co ncerning the large Arab immi-
grant population.

Lackluster campaigning deepened many votes’
suspicions that the mainstream parties are losing
them political vision and settling for crass electoral
maneuvers. The highlights of the dim campaign
season have been the inconclusive slanging matches
between the xenophobic Jean-Marie Le Pea and the
flamboyant Bernard Tapic, apro-Sodahst self-made
tycoon whose business success is now being ques-
tioned.

Part of the disendumbneut stems from a series of
corruption scandals that has tarred the image of
France's political caste and hit the Socialist govern-
ment particularly hard. The Socialists' unpopularity
is so strong that they seem likely in some regions to
finish behind Mr. Le Pen’s National Front.

But the electoral outcome is likely to satisfy no
one, in diidwig the coalition of carter-right opposi-

Centewight leaders have been unable to capital-

about difficulties in conducting policy discussions
with French nffiriak Government ministers seem

NEWS ANALYSIS

turn

doit

Chirac and former Prcsi-
Both have been re-
neither has been able

unable to make decisions without presidential ap-
proval that is often slow in coming.

Prime Minister Edith Cresson, whose popularity
sank below 20 percent this week, has confused the
business community by announcing plans to too-
force state manag ement in industry while quietly
shedding government objections to eventual privati-
zation of state-owned corporations.

As a result, polls show barely one voter in four
of Fra

planning to support one of France’s mainstream
political parties. Instead, massive voter disaffection
is being expressed in an expected 50 percent rate of
abstention and a strong showing for protest parting
including two Green parties and an anti-environ-
mentalist party representing hunters.

arc in 1995.

The big losers an Sunday are likely to be the
Socialists and President Francois Mitterrand. After
1 1 years in power, they appear to have run out erf
convincing proposals far modernizing the economy
and repositioning France in a Europe increasingly
dominated by Germany.

The Socialists' shortage of ideas was hi g hli ghted
by their unsuccessful attempt to turn Mr. Le Pen’s
populist ways against him by letting Mr. Tapie
attack him in erode street language The effect upset
Socialist Supporters without string the enthusiasm
of Mr. Le Fen’s militant followers.

France’s main foreign policy dilemma — coming
to toms with a united Germany — has deepened
recently because the European Community, despite
its unity moves at its s ummi t meeting in Maastricht,
has been unable to dampen national rivalries in
Europe.

Apparently soured by the prominent role of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization in dealing with
the former Soviet Union, Mr. Mitterrand has isolat-
ed France further in Europe by a series of policy
Hachpg with the Bush administration. Among other
things, France has threatoifid to block trade liberal-
ization unless French fanners can keep EC agricul-
tural subsidies.

ize on Mrf^ittenand’s unpopularity: the opposi-
tion appears to lack new blood and its main stan-
dard-bearer, Mr. Chirac, has shied from offering
radical proposals to defuse France's mo untin g racial
and social tensions, apparently because he is inunri-
daied by Socialist charges that he is moving closer io
M r. Le Pen.

The protest vote is also hurting conservatives
following: disclosures about corruption in the main
political parties. These have been kept in pnbbc view
by a series of police raids culminating in the seizure
of the Socialist Party’s campaign contribution re-
cords.

All the political leaders have been damaged by the
publicity, because last year the parliament, with
overwhelming support from Socialists and from the
cm ter-right parties, voted an amnesty for politicians
involved in pl gyiT payments, even when the donors
were jailed.

The measure’s unpopularity has had 3 viable
effect* the slickly produced electoral posters, usually
slapped on every available surface in France before a
vote, are strikingly absent, apparently because can-
didates want to avoid reminding voters about tho
fads of cam paign financing Partly as a result many
people do not know who is running in their regions
on Sunday.

WORLD BRIEFS

UN Teams Scout Positions in Croatia

BELGRADE (Reuters) —United Nations tea ””°yd

aK thwpiopk have been killed and three womded anoe UK
ad™«wa^pSS into Croatia on Monday-. Ahont.ffP.™ 1 ^”? am
police officers arcinihe republic, preparing for 14,000 UN troops daeto

“AoSmsStta was kffled overnight byarinay «“ r °gek,
aboutMHometors (18 rales) east of the Darabenw* tarn of M
where UN military officers arrived Monday. Croatian radio andjwo
Croatian soldto wae weraded

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Leftists Tied to 3 Athens Bombings

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ATHENS (AP) — Bombs damaged two care and a bar* here, and
unidentified assailants shot aadkffled a soldier on pad d^rat a
militaiy base south of the capital early Tuesday, the police reported.

ine iausi uaiuiu* uigamwuuu —

bomb attacks in the past Last month, it set off a bomb near a ponce bus,
wounding 11 members of a riot sqnad and a ayihm. n t

Tbeassailants who killed the soldier tod: his nfte and then fkd the
base, near Mandra, 45 kHometere (28 mites) south of Athens. No group
had t«k«» responsibility far the kilting.

. - ,, y

Ik

Ml

Soviet Hard-Liners’ Congress Cascades Into Farce

By Michael Dobbs

Washington Post Service

MOSCOW — Diehard Commu-
nist legislators sought Tuesday to
res u scita t e the Soviet Union by re-
convening its defunct parliament,
but the attempt to reverse the
course of 20th-century history de-
generated into farce.

Planting “Soviet Union! Soviet
Union!” about 400 former Soviet
deputies unfurled the Red Flag in
the candle-lighted hall on a state
dairy farm outside Moscow. The
meeting, winch was billed as tbe
“sixth extraordinary session” of the
Congress of People’s Deputies,
passed a series erf resolutions pro-
nouncing the former Communist
superpower alive and wdL

‘This is the happiest day of my
life,” said a Communist hard-liner,
Sarin Umulatova, who was elected
chairman of the Congress. ’The
Congress has been held, and we
proved that the Soviet Union ex-
ists."

In fact, the latest attempt by
Communist hard-liners to exploit
milHo us of Russians ’ discontent
with falling living standards and
mobilize political resistance to
President Boris N. Yeltsin appears
to have ended in failure.

Only 20,000 or so pred ominantly
dderiy people turned up Tuesday
evening to attend a protest rally in
Moscow to denounce the disman-
tling of the Soviet Union in Decem-
ber, far below tbe turnout prcdict-

These evtnt^snggested that,
while there is great unhappiness
with the liberalization of prices and

Scientists
Condemn
Arms Move
By Ukraine

Bombs Kill 2 Policemen in Istanbul

ISTANBUL (Reuters) — Two police officers we re kil te d and e ight

others were wounded Tbesday when two bombs they were attempting to
defuse exploded, the government said. . ..... .. ..

The explosions occurred within 10 mmntes of each other, knocking
down walls on two floras, breaking windows and damaging ,neaijy cats.

The bombs were confiscated from terrorists in earlier operations. Interim

Minister Ismet Sezgin told the Anatolian News Agency.

‘-T.-ru-. ^
j.-urd-

v-

r.:H

V r '

Kenya Acte to Quell Tribal Violence

Sush
;-*j been
' . . .i-ader-
: iz iroi

NAIROBI (Reuters) — The police have arrested 700 people m.a ' r -- " x *

ackdown intended to end weeks of tribri violence, the government said “ ■-■.-r.r irsr,f

By Fred Hiatt

Washington Past Service

MOSCOW — Scientists from
Russia’s top-secret nuclear weap-
ons design laboratory said Tuesday
that the rfcridrin by President Leo-
nid M. Kravchuk of Ukraine to
► some tactical nudear weapons
f dismantle them on his territory
was “inarirmsable” and could have
“catastrophic consequences.”

The statement by the scientists,
mrhidrng Yuli Khariton, was read
at a Moscow news conference at

crackdown intended
Tuesday.

According to local news reports, 18 people were killed on Monday,
which raised to about 0) the Heath util during the last six weeks from
clashes in western Kenya between members of the Kalenjin tribe and
farmers from the Luos and Gusn tribes. Thousands of Luos and Gam
have moved into traditionally Kalenjin areas is recent years,, canting
tribal tensions.

Kenyan television did not give details of the arrests; but it quoted Vioe
Presdeat George Saitoti as saying Tuesday that dashes had continued
over the previous 24 hoars. According to the television repart,foar people
were shot *nd wounded dming dashes in Nandi, 280 kQometers (170
miles) northwest of Nairobi hi Mok>, east of Nandi, 300 braises were
reported to have homed down and 5,000 people reported to have fled.

ft-

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For the Record

which a general assured reporters
of me for-

Yegor K. Ligachev, a hard-finer and fonner Pofitbnro member, meeting reporters Tuesday before tbe fanner legislators met

other free-market chang es intro-
duced by Mr. Yeltsin, popular sup-
port for the self -proclaimed “patri-
otic opposition of Communists
and nationalists is limitwH

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MIMM1k»>M1lnal1WiilWalta

Although Russians may deplore
the disruption of economic and
other ties with neighboring repub-
lics, a significant majority appears
to accept tbe collapse erf the stale
founded by Lenin as apolitical fait
accompli

“The attenpt to resuscitate the
framer Union is about as realistic
as resuscitating V.L Lenin him-
self,” said a political analyst, Niko-
lai Svanidze, in a commentary fra
Russian television. “Today’s Con-
gress took place in the best tradi-
tions of the Communist move-
ments— in conspiracy."

Russian and foreign journalists
who had been invited to attend the
session were led on a wild goose

chase across tbe snow-covered
Russian countryside to the town of
Podolsk, 55 kilometers (35 miles)
south of Moscow.

The organizers refused to say

precisely where the meeting would
Be held, s

held, saying they feared that the
Russian authorities might attempt
to prevent it from taking place.

A neo-fascist leader, V ladimir
Zhirinovsky, shouted at a roadside
traffic cop: “A convoy of five buses
with people's deputies left the dty
this morning! Where did these peo-
ple evaporate to?”

The main contingent erf people's
deputies, including the former
Communist ideology chief, Yegor
K. Ligachev, was eventually

Post-Soviet Space Flight
Takes Off With German

The Associated Press

MOSCOW — A Soyuz rocket
carrying two Russians and a Ger-
man blasted off Tuesday from the
Baikonur Space Center in Kazakh-
stan on the first space mission since
tbe demise of the Soviet Union.

Commander Alexander Viktor-
enko and Flight Engineer Alexan-
der Kaleri win replace tbe two cos-
monauts orbiting aboard tbe Mu-
space station. One of the orbiting
cosmonauts, Sergei Krikalev, has
been aboard Mir for nearly 10
months through all the political
chaos in the framer Soviet Union.

Mr. Viktorenko and Mr. Kaleri
are scheduled to stay aboard Mir
until August They will be replaced
following a joint Russian-French
mission to be launched in late July.

The Russian-French mission is
the last scheduled flight with a
hard-currency paying customer.
The space program ha/' suffered
along with the worsening economy,
and officials turned to such paying
customers as Japan, Britain and
Austria.

The newspaper Nezavisimaya
Gazeta reported earlier this year

tracked down to a state farm near
Podolsk. By the time journalists
caught up with them, their 40-min-
ute meeting was over.

The session was timed to coin-
cide with the first anuiveraaiy of a
Soviet referendum at which three-
quarters of the voters endorsed the
idea of preserving a “renovated
anion” made up of sovereign re-
publics. Tbe referendum result was
largely overtaken by the abortive
Communist coop in August, which
accelerated the collapse of Com-
munism and the multinational So-
viet state.

Even the most inflated estimates
of the attendance at the session
Tuesday made it clear that the
hard-liners had failed dismally in
their attempt to muster a quorum
of half (he 2250-member Congress.
The organizers claimed that more
than 400 deputies had attended the
session, while Russian journalists
put the figure at about 250.

The meeting Tuesday evening in
Manezh Square outside the Krem-
lin also passed off peacefully, de-
spite warnings by Yeltsin support-
ers that it cored end in bloodshed.
Speakers demanded that both Mr.
Yeltsin and Mikhail S. Gorbachev,
the Soviet Union’s last president,
be brought to trial for allowing tbe
country to disintegrate.

“We grew up under the Soviet
Union, and we will continue to live
in tbe Soviet Union," said Nikolai
Filatov, a 59-year-old teacher.

that all nuclear weapons of 1
mer Soviet Union r emaine d imHw
control.

Lieutenant General Sergei Ze-

several warhead from Kazz£hstan
had been sold to Iran, said all war-
heads had been accounted for.

’There has not been a single case
of a loss of a nudear weapon,"
General Zdentsov said. “No unau-
thorized person could gain access
to nudear weapons, and no such
person could gain access in the fu-
ture."

Gnmen bcSered to be Musfira fundamentalists shot and killed two
Algerian poficemen in a predawn ambush Tuesday near tbe town of
Boufarik, about 30 kSometos ( 1 9 mites) southeast of Algiers, the national
security beadquartos said. (Reuters)

an

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Z‘-

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Hundreds of Ra

n demanding higher wages traveled from

the provinces Toesday and assembled in Bucharest to press their daims.
About 800 miners and construction and autoworkers had assembled
outside the government’s headquarters by late afternoon. (AP)

„ w .rejkl
eiater-

•f?£:TsTr : v 'i- ;

3'Cd

dierican

TRAVEL UPDATE

TOPICS

The general said that tactical, Britons Warned on Travel fo Libya

short-range nndwir weapons had *

been withdrawn to Russia from

Kazakhstan and all other framer
Soviet republics except Belarus and
Ukraine. He said all woald be with-
drawn from Belarus ahead of a July
1 deadline, while so far 57 percent
of warheads had been withdrawn
from Ukraine.

Strategic, long-range nuclear
weapons remain m four republics
— Russia. Ukraine, Belarus and
Kazakhstan — bat under central .
control General Zdentsov sahL

Mr. Kravchuk earlier agreed to
the removal of all tactical nudear
warheads from Ukraine to Russia
for destruction. But last wed, com-
plaining that instability in Rnsaa
threatened the destruction process,
Mr. Kravchuk announced that he
had halted the withdrawal of war-
beads. He said he favored budding
a dismantling plant in Ukraine.

General Zdentsov said the with-
drawal actually slopped 20 days
ago. He said h would be impossible
to meet the July 1 deadline unless
the process resumed immediately.

Scientists at tbe weapons labora-
tory Arzamas- 16 said in their state-
ment that Ukraine did not have the
expertise to operate a plant to dis-
mantle weapons. They also said
construction of a plant in Ukraine
would violate international agree-
ments barring the spread at techni-
cal expertise and knowledge con-
cerning nuclear weapons.

LONDON (Reuters) — Britain issued a warning on Tuesday about
travel to Libya, saying a United Nations resolution under consideration
could’ fcrcelhe curtaunent of air links.

A Foreign Office spokesman said that BritoEs hvin^in Libya should

“consider carefully whether they need to remain.” He added, “They
should bear in mind that there may be no flights to and from Libya

following the imposition of s anc ti ons by the Security CoundL"

mould keep in dose

The spokesman said Britons staying in Libya
touch with British consular officials. '

closure because of the Yugoslav
would resume flights an April 5.

arix-month
war, and Croatian Airlines said it

ifirms l psradc 1
& Committees

t.

-■ -■ -«* ~r?Sd*

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— by.

lbitam issued a wraq on Tuesday about travd to Libya, saying that
-r should “consider carefnDy whether thw need to remain ” a Foreign
ice spokesman said that Brirons “should bear in mind that there may

imi* aw — . ,

i

H

be no
the UN

— "•‘■I'i-I Sa^*

(Reuters)

trying to minimize the effects of record smog,
>st drndren on Tuesday, ordering factories to

CoundL

Mexico Gly officials,

canceled classes for most .

curtail production and banning hundreds of thraisands oT cars from the

_ , (AP).

in Pittsburgh on Tuesday as a transit strike
in a dispute over pay. (AP)

\i*~r *- .rf «. ;• '■
ipre- 'r 1

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roads.

Traffic was

entered its seccmd

The Weather

that there was not enough money to
cosmonaut is build an

The German _

Klaus-Dietrich Flade, 39, a test pi- body for tbe

Mr. Krikalev, who was launched
on May 18, 1991, has been seen as a

fas um euuugu luuuey iv T\yn»T

KUN: Ethiopia's Marathon Men

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Deutsche marks ($24 million) for
what will be an right-day missi on
for him.

Major Flade, the fifth Goman to
fly in space, will conduct medical
and biological experiments.

In addition to the Russian and
German flags the rocket was also
emblazoned with the flag of Ka-
zakhstan, reflecting the new order
since the formation of the Com-
monwealth of Independent States.

The capsule will dock with the
Mir station Thursday, enabl ing Mr.
Viktorenko and Mr. Kaleri to re-
place Mr. Krikalev and Alexander
Volkov, who will return to Earth
with Major Flade on March 25.

kind of cosmic Rip Van Winkle.
While he orbited, his old country
ceased to exist, Ms hometown of
Leningrad was renamed St. Peters-
burg, and political upheaval threw
into doubt the future of the Soviet
space program.

He

return in Oct

was expected to
~ but his mission

was extended due to the political
t. When he

changes in his country,
returns March 25. he will have
sprat 313 days in space, short of
the 366-day world retard held by a
fellow cosmonaut, Musa Manam v

Discussing inns and bolts
with a screwdriver is a
refroihino change .

We live and breath engineering. And it’s
nice to know they took the trouble to malm
sure we ate and drank it as well!

PENANG MUTiARA.

5-STAR BEACH RESORT

■tol— T.M. 1 1 toO Pm. .« MXy^.

■M4H 828 Pak, MIIRITiUi •UWnPMBU

Manage* by si nG afore matidariti ipiterpiatiopial

(Continued from page 1)

good training program and are weD
disciplined. They have more disd-
pline than in the United States or
Britain.*’

Nigussie has 32 marathoners in
his program. They train as a group,
but each has a personal regimen
worked out by Nigussie. Each run-
ner completes about 735 kilometers
a month

Those chosen for the Olympics
wifi drop to lighter training in the
month before the games.

Three times a week, they gather
for group training: fast intervals in
the stadium, running on the roods
leading out of the capital and en-
durance tr aining on EntOtO HiH.
For three days, they work on their
individual programs: a cross-coun-
try run, speed work and running on
grass, “to soften the muscles,” Ni-
gussie said. On Sunday, they rest
and recover.

Farh month, the coach holds
time trials, and based upon those
results the marathoners are sent to
international competitions. The
runners are allowed a month off
each year.

Not all the runners agree with
the group-training approach, but
according to Negash they have no
choice.

“Tbe federation insists that we
have group running to see the
weaknesses and strengths of each
other," he said. “It is a good way of
judging."

Negash is fairly typical of the
Ethiopian runners. He grew up in a
peasant family in the north, in a
village at about 3,000 meters’ alti-
tude. Negash did not go to school
until he was a teenager, and he
spent much of his youth running
after cattle. After doing wdl in
some local meets, be heard the
army was looking for runners and
joined.

litre all tbe star athletes in die

North America

A storm wtti snow and
rain b stated for the Atlan-
tic Seaboard Thursday Into
Friday. Strong thunder-
storms wB hit the South-
east Thursday. Chicago
tin be cold with clouds.
Mainly dry weather wtn
hold through Friday in Cafi-
fomta.

Europe

The weather w» be guile
«omty across Northern
Europe Thursday through
Saturday- Thera wS be
frequent rati bom Ireland
to Scandinavia. London
w« have a tew showers
and gusty winds. Parts wig
be windy with rain Gkaiy
each day.

Aria

■nairattay w« be diy in To-
kyo and Seoul Rain wffl re-
turn to southwestern Ja-
pan. and Tokyo may turn,
rainy Saturday. Clouds wfll
Bray Hongkong Into the
jwekwid. Manta and Bang-
>®k wffl have lotsofhot-
*WMNna. A sudden down-
pour may wet Singapore.

‘■-" fig a
MV* !ht :

. ■ *s si '*Trt4. ;

VtTak

>X«

es

Ankara

Partial

Qrswva

UNIVERSITY DEGREE

BACHELORS * MASTERS * DOCTORATE
Far Wort. LNi and fladank
Expwtau • Ns Uaccnoa
MesdanReertrad
(213) 471-8386
FAX (213) 471-6456
Call or write tor Marantten
or seed datoM ksbob tor Fns EwtoMtoa

Pacific Western University
600 k Seodveda Slvd . Dad 23
Los Angeles. CA 900*8

m Ethiopia’s brutal civil war. Alter
the government of Meles Zraawi
tori: control from the Marxist re-
gime, the army and the police —
the two institutions most erf tile
runners belonged to — were dis-
banded, although the athletes still
get their pay of about S80 a month.
The runners also receive a small
stipend from the federation.

Those r unner s who have won
prize money overseas can bring it
back to Ethiopia. Negash is now a
privileged Ethiopian with a house
and a car bought from his win-
nings; Abcbe owns some small
bnsi nesses. But for tbe runners who
are bordering on the big rime, at-
tending only one international
meet a year, life is a struggle fisan-

Today

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AS--

King Hussein Gives
Jordan- West Bank
links a New Push

By Caiyle Mmphy

-' Washatgton Post Service

CAIRO-— King Hussein and the
^aainnan of the Palestine Libera-
.t>on Organization, Yasser Arafat,
■are considering dariam^ * a confed-
eration between Jordan and the Is-
raeli-occupied West Bank as a way
to give impetus to the stalled Mid-
dle East peace talfes. aty/w T^ng to
.Palestinian, Jordanian and Egyp-
tian sources.

King Hussein dwrag fd the idea
.with Secretary of State James A.
Baker 3d during his visit to Wash-
ington last week, according to a
senior administration official there.
The UJS. official said that King
Hussein had not referred to a dis-
cussion with Mr. Arafat, but had
simply said that the idea of a con-
federation with Pales tinians was

being c onsidered .

The Jor danian ruler told Mr.
Baker that a confederation might
make it easier for the Palestinians
to negotiate toward interim ar-
rangements for autonomy, accord-
ing to the offidaL But, toe official
added. King Hussein did not pro-
vide details.

The U.S. official s»id the Bush
administration’s response had been
that the decision about a confeder-
ation was not up to the United
Stales, but that Washington would
welcome any effort to spar the ne-
gotiations toward interim arrange-
ments. Recently, the administra-
tion has been critical of the
Palestinians for not focusing
enough on near-tenn autonomy
measures.

■ Mr. Arafat reportedly gave bis
assent to the proposal, conditional
on final approval by the PLO’s
Central Council, shortly before
King Hussein went to Washington.

When the PLO declared a Pales-
tinian state in 1988 mi the Israeli-
occupied West Bank and Gaza
Strip, it also agreed to form a con-
federation with Jordan after that
Palestinian state achieved indepen-
dence. The latest proposal would
reverse this, declaring tne confeder-
ation a reality even before a Pales-
tinian state exists.

Some Arab sources portrayed

the confederation proposal as a
tactical maneuver to overcome Is-
raeli arguments that Israel is not an
occupying force because the West
Bank is not bang claimed by a

i country. Jordan admims-
West Bank from 1950
until 1988. when King Hussein cut
legal ties with the territory to signal
the Palestinians that he no de-
signs OQ their land,

Others saw the new move as a
way for Mr. Arafat, who has been
forced to take a backseat to the
West Bank Palestinians taking part
in the Middle East talks, to reassert
his authority in the negotiations.

Palestinian sources in Jerusalem
said some Palestinian leaders in the
Israeli-occupied territories were
surprised to bear of the contacts
between Mr. Arafat and King Hus-
sein, and were disturbed by what
they saw as an initiative that could
undercut their efforts to establish
the Palestinians as an independent,
sovereign party separate from Jor-
dan.

At a press conference Monday in
East Jerusalem, a member of the
Palestinian delegation to the peace
talks, Saeb Erekat, called the con-
federation proposal “premature."

He said that the peace talks pres-
ently were aimed at an interim
agreement for Palestinian self-rule
and that an initiative for a Jordani-
an-Palestmian confederation could
be discussed only in “final-status"
negotiations. These are not to begin
until three years after the n»«im
period begins.

The idea for a Jordanian- Pales-
tinian confederation is significant
in part because it is likely to revive
a long-standing argument made in
Israel, chiefly by members of the
Labor Party, that there is a “Jorda-
nian option” for resolving the Pal-
estinian dispute. Yitzhak Rabin of
the Labor Party is challenging
Prime Uiniag Yitzhak Shamir jn
elections scheduled for June.

A Jordaman-Palestinian confed-
eration, some Arab officials argue,
would strengthen Jordan’s negoti-
ating hand m the peace talks by
giving it a greater voice in West
Bank issues.

A 14-year-old girl stabbed in Tel Aviv being comforted Tuesday at a hospital.

Tbr Aaoriaed Press

• P*

The Associated Press

TEL AVIV — A Palestinian ktDed two people
and wounded 20 Tuesday in a knifing rampage
that included an attack on a group of students. The
assailant, who wore an Arab headdress and carried
two long knives, was shot by a policeman and died
minutes later at a hospital, the authorities said.

Witnesses said the students stood and watched
as the attack began, apparently thinking the assail-
ant was involved in a stunt because Tuesday was
Purim, a Jewish holiday in which people dims up
in costumes and play pranks.

They said the attacker began slashing people

wildly oa Eilat Street, a busy thoroughfare, strug-
gled with a passing lsaeli taxi driver and then
charged the students, who were on a holiday outing
from a Tel Aviv high school.

The Tel Aviv police commander. Yigal Marcus,
said the assailant, bearded and about 30, was from
the Gaza Strip and carried a leaflet from the
Islamic fundamentalist group Hamas, which op-
poses the peace process.

At least six of the wounded were youngsters. The
dead were identified as flinat Ochana, 19, who was
at a nearby garage, and Abed Jani Kharim, the
Isradi-Ara’b who owned the garage.

Environmental War Heats Up

But North-South Battle lines Fail to Shift

By Marlise Simons

Ntv York Tuna Service

GENEVA — As the nations of
the world map a plan of action to
preserve Earth’s environment, their
meetings have been bogged down
by the old battles between the
wealthy, industrial countries of the
North,' and the poor, underdevel-
oped countries of the South.

The disputes are mirrored in
thick stacks of papers, 20.000 pages
sent in by 121 governments, that
are now' being examined in an de-
gam villa on the outskirts of Gene-
va. They are lists of the world’s
green worries, each country’s view
of its most pressing environmental
concents.

The papers form the substance
of discussions here and at the Unit-
ed Nations headquarters in New
York in preparation for the UN
Conference on Environment and
Development, scheduled for June

in Rio de Janeiro, exactly 20 years

after an enviro nme ntal conference
in Stockholm.

UN officials sorting through the
reports say that since the Stock-
holm meeting, governments have
come a long way in Thinking argu-
ing and absorbing the notion that
the planet cannot cope with indefi-
nite abuse.

But UN organizes have ex-
pressed anguish because the meet-
ings to prepare for Rio have revived
the old clashes between rich and
poor, this time in an environmental
context.

A UN official who has attended
most planning sessions said much
of the debate was confrontational,
characterizing the message from
developing countries as “give us
money; you are rich; we are poor."

The official, a European, said
there was no debate about what
developing countries should do at
home.

“The lan guage emphasizes more
and more the need for a new inter-
national economic order." she said.

At the Organization for Eco-
nomic Cooperation and Develop-
ment, a Paris-based organization of
the 24 industrialized nations that
are deeply involved in environmen-
tal planning, senior officials seem
as gloomy.

“People are despairing that the

Rio meeting will be d omina ted by a
North-South confrontation." said
Bill Long, director of environment
affairs at the o rganiza tion. “We
hoped we could forget about plac-
ing blame and work on problems
together.”

Representatives from developing
ccmn tries make light of such accu-
sations!. saying that their confron-
tational postures and language are
only negotiating tactics to get
much-needed funds.

“For the first time in more than a
decade, the developing countries
have an issue where they have some
real leverage," said an official from
a Caribbean nation. “They had
none during the debt negotiations.
But they are part of die environ-
ment. so they have leverage now.
And they are using it It’s their
negotiating strategy.”

Poorer nations, be said, see lever-
age because the North, the main
polluter, wants them to cm emis-
sions, stop deforesting and make
other changes- But to adapt to
those changes, they argue, they
need funding and technology.

The reports here are being used
to draft an “Earth Charter” for the
Rio meeting on making develop-
ment more compatible with the en-
vironment. Organizers also hope
for a binding treaty to cut emis-
sions i hat can cause climate change
and a similar treaty on the preser-
vation of species.

Since most of the reports have
been prepared with the help of pri-

vate organizations, they reflect how
concern for the environment over
the last two decades has galvanized
thousands of citizens’ groups and
mobilized, scientists, lawyers.!
economists and politicians who are
pressing for change

Confrontation has been pan of
preparations for the summit meet-
ing since the UN resolution in 1989
railing for it attributed the planet’s
enviro nmen tal problems to “unsus-
tainable production patterns" of
the industrial countries.

A planned treaty to protect and
manage the world’s tropical forests,
which are vital regulators of the
global climate which harbor
most of the planet's species, has
been shelved. Brazil and Other
countries demanded that such a
treaty be extended to all forests and
had the word “tropical" removed.

“By extending the debate to all
forests, there was not enough time
for a binding treaty,” a UN official
said. The best we can hope for is a
declaration to save the rain for-
ests.”

Another planned high point of
the meeting, a treaty to protect the
world’s animal and plant species, is
being Fundamentall y changed. In
the past, nature has always been
considered part of the common
heritage. But now developing cornu
tries want the convention to state
that biological resources “are un-
der a country’s sovereignty" and
are no longer “to be considered as a
common heritage of humankin d ”

AMERICAN

TOPICS

Law Forms Upgrade
Ethics Committees

Law firms have been upgrad-
ing their ethics committees since
the federal government fined
Kaye, Schder, Herman, Hays &
Handler $41 million this month,
David Margolick of The New
York Tunes reports. The firm
was fined for crossing the line
from advocacy to cotnpEaty by
withholding damaging infannar
tion about its cheat Charles H.
Keating Jr, and Ins Lincoln Sav-
ings & Loan Association of Ir-
vine, California. Although agree-
ing to the fine, Kaye, Scholer has
maintaine d that it is not guilty.
Lincoln’s failure has epitomized
the savings-and-loan industry di-
saster.

“Legal ethics is no longer
some abstract ethereal con-
cern," Mr. Margolick writes. “It
is a matter of dollars and cents,
either in rising malpractice pre-
miums or liability awards.”

Steven GiUers of New York
University Law School said the
new breed of ethics committee
chairman was a fulltime partner,
a quantum leap over previous
arrangements w hen a semi-re-
tired partner with a single anti-
ted ethics text constituted a
,_i’s ethics committee.

Even so, few firms have any-
one spending full time on ethics,
Mr. Gillers said, so the process is
still in its Cro-Magnon stage- He
said a lawyer could not handle a
full caseload and still have the
time to counsel, investigate, han-
dle anonymous tips, teach, write,
study and talk things out.

Short Takes

In New York Chy, petty of-
fenders who once went unpun-
ished because their crimes were
minor are now bang put to work
cleaning subwayplatforms, pick-
ing trp flebris in Central Park and
bdping out at homeless shelters.
A spokesman for the Manhattan
district attorney’s office said the
program was “appropriat e fo r

turnstiles, purchased smi
amounts of marijuana, been
caught shoplifting" or similar of-
fenses. Defendants who are con-
victed receive a discha^e on
condition that they work for toe
city for up to 10 days without
pay.

Rosemary Clooney, 63 and
stiB a supper chib favorite, re-

KENNEDY FIANCEE — Victoria Reggie, 38, who is to
many Senator Edward M. Kennedy of Ma ssac hus etts later
this year, waving as site left her Washington law office.

corded “Come On-a My House”
42 years ago and never did care
for the doable entendres or the
put-on Italian accent, even if the
lyrics were by Willi am Saroyan.
But she gets requests for it as
often as ever, so she still sings it
“Not to sing that song disturbs
other people’s memories,” she
said, “even if Pm not particularly
fond of it”

Bush get a week — 500, 5,(
50,00$ The president's chief of
staff, Samuel Skinner, says Mr.
Bush gee 50,000 letters a week,
most with constructive com-
ments on “what’s going on in this
country and what we need to do”
about the eco nom y and other
matters.

A new year-round theme park
in Kansas Gty, Kansas, wifi be
based on “The Wizard of Oz”
stories by L. Frank Baum and,
with permission from Turner
Broadcasting, the copyright
owners, the 1939 film starring

Jody Garland. K.C. Theme Park
Group Inc., a Kansas-based con-
sortium of public and private in-
terests, is putting up toe $300
miTHnn and Landmark Enter-
tainment Group will design the
park. It will open in 1995 or
1996.

After 34 years, Ed Zero has
retired from writing his “Exit
Laughing" cofumn for the back
cover of toe monthly Field &
Stream. Mr. Zem is 83 and has
Parkinson's disease. “I shake a
lot,” he said, “but it keeps my
wristwatch wound.” The maga-
zine is reprinting old columns
full of off-focus philosophy and
misinformation. Examples:
Time is nature's way of keeping
everything from happening at
once. Eros, in Greek mythology,
was toe god of silt, from whose
name we gel toe word “erosion."
The best place to shoot a moose
is within 20 feet (6 meters) of a
pickup truck-

Arthur Higbee

HiU-Thomas Leak Inquiry Wants
All Phone Records of 2 Reporters

By Helen Dewar

Washington Past Service

WASHINGTON — The special
Senate counsel investigating leaks
of Professor Anita F. Hill’s charges
of sexual harassment against Clar-
ence Thomas, now a Supreme
Court justice, has subpoenaed all
phone records of toe two journal-
ists who first reported toe allega-
tions for the two-week period be-
fore the charges were disclosed.

The action prompted strong pro-
tests from lawyers for toe two re-
porters, Timothy M. Phelps of
Newsday and Nina Totenberg of
National Public Radio, who said
Monday that they were considering
asking the Senate Rules and Ad-
ministration Committee or a feder-
al court to block toe action. The
subpoenas cover toe journalists’
home telephones and those of their
news organizations.

“This is a very, very dangerous
precedent,” said Theodore Olsen,
attorney for Mr. Phelps, who added
that he would probably appeal first

to the Rules Committee and then
toe Senate itself, if necessary.

“If a journalist cannoi use her
telephone Without fear of govern-
ment surveillance” said Floyd
Abrams, attorney for Mrs. Toten-
berg. “toe First Amendment is im-
periled."

He added, “We will challenge
them before toe Senate Rules Com-
mittee or in toe courts.”

The subpoenas were issued to the
Chesapeake and Potomac Tele-
phone Co., which will have to turn
the records over to the special
counsel, Peter E Fleming Jr., un-
less authority for the sul^oenas is
revoked, Mr. Olsen said. Both Mr.
Olsen and Mr. Abrams said there
was little if any precedent in law
dealing with cases of this kind.

Mr. Fleming, who was hired by
the Senate to investigate leaks of
confidential documents about Jus-
tice Thomas during his confirma-
tion hearings last fall, subpoenaed
all phone records for toe period
Sept. 23 to Ocl 6, 1991.

A spokesman for BeD Atlantic
Corp.. which owns C&P, said com-
pany practice was to amply with
“a legitimate subpoena.”

He said that although long-dis-
tance calls made from numbers un-
der toe subpoena would be record-
ed, “there would be no surviving
records” of local calls.

SPOBT

’la collection

VanGeef &Arpels

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Kuwait Offers $14,000
As Matrimonial Lure

Reuters

KUWAIT — Kuwait, in an at-
tempt to increase its tiny P°P“®:
lion, is offering young men $I4,uou
each to marry. The amount, ap-
proved by the Council of Ministers,
is double previous sums offered to
men marrying Kuwaiti women.

finance Minister Nasser Abdul-
lah al Rodhan said in a sratemem
published Tuesday that half Jf*
payment would be free with the rest
in 'the form of a soft loan.

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the March 18, 1990 theft of valuable
art works from the Isabella Stewart
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museum is offering a $1,000,000
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the successful recovery of the
stolen art.

Any and all information will
be kept confidential and should
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+ 1 (617) 742-6229 (10:00 a.m.-
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through the museum’s PO. Box
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Among the topics to be covered in this advertisaig section:

■ Corporate sponsorship.

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; Page 4

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

f CHECKS: 3 Bush Cabinet Members Admk(herdrafts

i)

! had been hdd for payment He did
< not give a total value of the checks
1 but said tbe largest was for
. $8,618.84, for a real estate settle*
i ment The smallest was $13.50, for
' a haircut at the House barber shop.

! Mrs. Martin said that the 16.
I checks were worth $5,12520, and
; that the largest of them was $1,350.
; The smallest was $4823. She issued
a printed statement and did not
! respond to questions. In the state-
-. ment, she said one-thud of tbe
overdrafts “were caused by
. bounced checks to me from an
■ apartment rentaL”

The House voted last week to
' identify the 296 House members
• and 59 former members who ova-
drew their accounts, including 24
whom the House ethics committee
says were abusing tbe bank system.

In no case were public funds in-
volved in the abuses, and as far as is
known, all the dbedcs in question
woe eventually covered by depos-
its, although no penalties were im-
posed. The issue is more one of
fairness, the sense that members of
Congress allow themselves privi-
' leges their constituents do not eo-

The defense secretary found
‘ himself in the uncomfortable posi-
tion of HrfpnHing his personal fi-
- nances because of the intense press
' and public interest in tbe bank af-
fair.

1 Mr. Cheney placed himself
alongside many unwitting victims
-of tbe bank's lax record-keeping
' system but criticized those congres-

sional members who knew they
could get interest-free loans by
writing checks. He noted that he
had been joking publicly about the
bank scandal in recent daws be-
came he did not imagine how it
could have affected Him

“I had never had a check re-
turned far insufficient funds,” Mr.
Cheney said.

In recent days, scores of Con-
gress members have made similar
admissions in their home districts,
in hopes of explaining the differ-
ence between bank abusers and
those who had no inkling that they
were overdrawn.

Mr. Cheney said that the largest
overdrawn check he had had was
for $1 ,945 and the smallest for $11
No check was covered by the bank
for more than five days, he said.

Earlier Tuesday, before Mr. Che-
ney’s amwuncement, Republicans
had been gleeful about the pros-
pects of further political to

their Democratic rivals, welcoming
a federal prosecutor’s decision to
investigate tbe bank scandaL

“Somebody sure as the devil
ought to be looking, and thank
goodness the U.S. attorney’s office
announced that they, indeed, are
looking,” said Representative Guy
Vanda 3am, Republican of Michi-
gan and chairman of the Republi-
can congressional campaign com-
mittee.

He said the “raw data'’ on the
huge number of overd rawn checks
raised the possibility of violations
of tax laws on loan interest al

with laws on camp aign funding ;
financial disclosure.

The House ethics committee,
which conducted a five-month in-
vestigation of the check-bouncing
scandal, recommended the public
release of the names of die 355
current and former members who
wrote bad checks. In nearly aS
cases, the bank covered the over-
drafts and tbe money was repaid
before the bank was dosed in De-
cember. The committee did not rec-
ommend individual disciplinaiy
action or further investigation.

They "specifically did not con-
sider it their mandate to look into
any specific wrongdoing," Mr.
Vander Jagt said in welcoming the
preliminary inquiry by a U.S- attor-
ney. Jay Stephens.

Mr. Vanda 1 Jagt also called for
the resignation of the new House
sergeant-at-arms, Werner Brandt,
who was appointed Thursday after
tbe resignation of Jack Rusk The
ethics committee criticized Mr.
Russ for lax management of the
House bank and for having written
several bad checks of his own.

In addition to Mr. Cheney, Mr.

lartin, fa

Madigan and Mrs. Martin, forma
House members in the Bush cabi-
net are Manuel Lujan Jr„ interior
secretary, Republican of New Mex-
ico, 1969-1989; Jack F. Kemp,
housing secretary, Republican of
New York, 1971-1988, and Edward
J. Derwin&ki, secretary of veterans
affairs. Republican of Illinois,
1959-1983. Spokesmen for Mr. Lu-
jan, Mr. Kemp and Mr. Derwinski
said Tuesday that their bosses had
had no overdrafts on the House
bank when they woe in Congress.

COMMUTE: 6.5 Hours on Road for East Germans

(Continued from page I)

the bumpy ride. Bui she enjoys the
.'work at Quelle and relishes the pay
. — especially the commissions the
v company offers to workers who ex-
' ceed performance quotas.

“I have hardly any time for
housework or hobbies,* said Mrs.
• Keilwexth, who had never been
anywhere but Rdchenbacfa and
nearby Zwickau before the Balm
Wall feQ two years ago. “I hardly
see the kids any more. But I'm
m a king good money, and the work
is good. They’re stdl firing here in
the East, so I have to stay on the
bus. I can probably keep tins up far
another year.”

There are few complaints about
Quelle. These people are grateful
for tbe chance to work under con-
ditions that few Westerners are
willing to accept

Most of tiie Eastern workers
sleep from 9 PJrf. to 1 A.M, then
catch a couple more hours on the
bus. A little after 5 A.NL, Bus 308
arrives at Quefle’s imposing plant

The gates will , not open until
5:30, so the. Easterners at on the
bus,

5:30, they pour into tbe budding.

“We have to concentrate harder
to do the same work as the Wesas,”

another worker said, using the
nickname for West Germans.
“They get to sleep, so they work
faster, and the computers that
watch us don’t make any allowance
for being tired."

Tm not going to lie, the travel
time does steal energy," said Gun-
ther Haase, Qodle’s personnel di-
rector. “No one says 'Ah, the bus is
better than my baL’ But there’s
nothing we can do about it We're
not about to pay than extra for
being from the East"

Quelle considered offering East-
ern workers dormitory housing in
the Nuremberg area, but Mr.
Haase said Easterners “didn't want
to live here."

"They preferred to go home at
night,” he said, “to see their chil-
dren or spouse, even if h was only
for an hour." (About 20,000 East
Germans move to the West each
month, government figures show.)

At first Quelle managers strug-
gled with tire adjustment problems
of Easterners whose work habits
reflected the lax ways of Commu-
nist enterprises.

“We had to fire a great many of
tire Eastern workers at first" said
Heinz Roegner, director of Quelle's
small package division. “They
weren't used to the speed, some of
them drank too much, and there
was some tension between than
and the Western workers. But
we’ve filtered out the problems
now and the East workers are just
as good as the Wessis."

Easterners continue to be found
almost exclusively in QudJe’s low-
est-ranked jobs, but management
said it was open to promoting Ossis
and had already begun doing so.

“We must integrate them be-
cause we need them, even though
.we had to get oar managers used to
the Saxon lan g ua ge. " Mr. Haase
said, jesting about the thick dialect
spoken by many Easterners.

In 1995, Quelle will open a plant
in the Eastern city of Leip zig, em-
ploying 3,000 Easterners in then-
own region. QneDe expects the new
plant to ease the need for imported
labor at its Nuremberg headquar-
ters.

“It can’t continue like tins," Mr.
Haase said. “In the long run, they
can't keep doing tins, and we don’t
want to.

Israelis Ponder Life
Without the €hief Ally

Fading Hopes for U.S. Guarantee
Fuel a Bitter Sense of "

n

By Clyde Haberman

Hew York Tima Am or

tpbi J-5ALEM — Although high-level negotiations over tte M pro-
nnSverestill under trayto Washington, some senior faraefr officials
H what amounted to dto -fan MIO

SSS state to guarantees that ,

nris left Israelis pondering the end diplpmito

consequences, both for tbe conn

:-.r-

^ ..

process that some argued would not be enhanced if Israel fe
longer rdy on its chief ally. _ _ _ _ .

it could no

K^^nT2S J said that Wme
no one but himself to blame, for defying .the Bush
making what they consider a misguided priority of farad srigUob^d
settlements in occupied territories. But many expressed bitterness ova

what they perceive as American unfairness. . -

The recent in Washington that the Israelis surrepti tious ly

re-exported U.S. weapons technology without United States approvd
have further deepened feelings among some people hoe that Urey had
better think harder about going it alone from now on. Israel vigorously

denies the accusations. . , . _ • ■

“The message from the United States is becoming cteartr, Yoel
Marais, a colunanist for Ha’aretz, wrote in a widdy shared opinm The
relations between the two countries will never be the same ag ai n, and
there will be no more free lunches.”

Officially, Israel has not withdrawn its hid for the loan guarantees,
which it first requested a year ago to Wp absorb what was then a tonmt
but is now a p\wb thinner stream of immigrants from the forma Soviet

Union. , . . w '

“Why should we w>«kg life easier for tbe Bush Admin i s tration™ ore
official said. “Let them be tire ones to say no.” •

But several top officials suggested that the aid package was all but
clinically defld , a theme ecboedby some newspapers.

Simcha Dinitz, chairman of the Jewish Agency, the qnaa-govoumai'

1 twk/ n-awifiihle for immigration, told Israeli radio that mere was no

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Mr. Cfinton trying for a strike while bowing in Waterford, Michigan, Aging a

Septet Sraia/nci

stop.

POLITICS: Z7.S. Primary Winners Without a Cause

tal body responsible for immigration, told Israeli radio that
longer any reason for the government to press its search for aid. . .

All this raised questions about what Israel would do now.

Mr. Diaitz lamented tire probable loss of the guarantees, calling them
wfc^nriai Bat other offi cials said the country could get by without than,
even if it might have to Kmp in the process.

With the guarantees, economists hoe argue, interest rates would be
Iowa and loan terms more favorable — repayment stretched oat ova a
much longer period, for example.

Without tins help, some economists believe that the country faces
fcFo

(fci.fritbTbai
♦Wat Border

aVV

rou gher Redding. Foreign investors, they say, may even view it as an

ing doubts 1

1 on

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putting

(Continued from page 1)

the magic is gone. If the members
of tire Washington Democratic es-
tablishment could say publicly
what they say privately, it would be
this: Even with a big Clinton win in
Illinois and Michigan, let’s keep
Paul E Tsongas alive. There is
near-universal agreement that the
party has to maintain a fallback
candi date in case the Clinton cam-
paign collapses. A smaller number
of Democrats keep clinging to the
hope that they can infla te the for-
ma senator from Massachusetts
into -a credible national candidate.

So far. Mr. Tsongas has not man-
aged to convert his reputation for
honesty and his civic-club econom-
ics into a salable mainstream cam-
paign message. At this point future
political scientists can credit him
with proving that it is hard to win a
plurality of Rust belt Democrats by
advocating tax cuts for top contrib-

utors to tbe Republican National
Co mmi ttee.

As for forma Governor Ed-
mond G- (Jerry) Brown Jr. of Cali-
fornia, the party leadership does
not have tbe stomach to take him
seriously and, as was tire case with
Mr. Carta in 1976, will do so only
if the voters demand it

Tbe strength of Mr. Brown’s
showing in Michigan could pro-
duce a major effort lata in the
week to discredit him as tire cham-
pion of George Wallace grumps,
tree-huggers, latter-day hippies and
wealthy trend-beads.

Shoving the way, Mr. din ton
reached into his Southern trick bag
in a debate Sunday night to dub
Mr. Brown as the candidate of
“family money and $1,500 suits."
But the more telling lure came
when he denounced Mr. Brown as
the mouthpiece for Patrick H. Cad-
dell. the forma Carta poll taker-

If nothing else, Mr. Qmton has
enlivened the campaign season by

emer gi ng as the political equivalent
of Hank Williams Sr., that is, a son
of the Sooth whose flaws are as
lam and fascinating as his talent; .

Big margins for Mr. Clinton here
and in Michigan, would deepen the
admira tion that set in last week
among professionals in both par-
ties for the Clinton campaign’s
three-pronged plan for damage
control.

• One element is to label any
inquiry into Mr. Clinton’s veracity,
finances or performance as gova-
nor of Arkansas as “an attack by
tbe press."

• A second is to depict the or-
deals brought on by Mr. Clinton’s
youthful indiscretions as character-
building exercises that have pre-
pared him for tbe presidency.

• A third, which has emerged as
a major theme in Mr. Clinton’s
speeches, is to depict “perfection”
in personal conduct as a prudish
and ultimately disqualifying per-
sonality tic in his opponents. -

Four weeks ago, no political con-
sultant in Washington thought
those lines would sdL Now they are
tipping their hai* to tire Clinton
learn. But these people are realists.

Now their gossip will switch to
discussion of what the Republicans
have on Mr. Clinton in the way of
an October Surprise. That is be-
cause everyone believes that the
min ute Mr. Clinton becomes the
nominee, the Democratic Party will
have the mme motto as a 12-step
program: One day at a time.

Anticipating this, Clinton sup-
porters are already stepping up
their pressure on tire press to look
searchingty into President Bush's
past in an effort to give their man a
level playing field on tbe character
issue. That is the kind of elevating
year it has been so Ear.

American vote of no-confidence, casting
US. money in IsraeL

S till some argued against pressing panic buttons.

They included Finance Minister Yitzhak Mods, who said that the
country “can manage in tbe worst-case scenario" and that there woe
alternatives to U.S. aid.

Simp lifying matters somewhat for the Israelis is the fact that the
immigra nt flow has receded in recent months as many Jews in forma
Soviet territoiy have deckled to stay put because jobs are scarce for them
here. Israel may not need as much money as it originally thought.

Dollars aside, some argued that the shabby state of U-S.-Israeli
relations is likely lo make Israel more skittish in the peace process, which
has bumped along inconclusively for five months.

m

if-

..r:;-:ed

-Tp-
.-•? CUT

j

N.*os-
•. n-rJer

AID: Bush Says No on Guarantees

BOMB: Blast Destroys Embassy

(Continued from page 1)

between the guarantees and a
freeze on Jewish settlements in oc-
cupied territories.

Failure to break the impasse be-
tween the White House and the key
legislators name as the Israeli de-
fense minister, Moshe Arens, who
is visiting Washington, repeated
that Israel would apt accept any
link -between the guarantees and
the settlements, which he called “a
key element in Israel’s security doc-
trine."

Mr. Arens told tire Voice of Isra-
el that lsrad had given up bope of
securing the guarantees.

“Our request was not accepted,”
Mr. Arens said, adding that the
conditions the United States “tried
to impose were impossible for an
Israeli government to accept.”

“There is no reason for us to
make a new request,” he added,
“and weTl have to find other ways
to finance the integration of immi-

grants through the Jewish co rnmn -
tbe world.”

m

w

» r

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(Continued from page 1)

la car bomb attack,” the official
I said.

The explosion reduced the cen-
tral section of the embassy to a pile
of concrete, wooden beams and
other debris. Rescue workers
picked through the nibble with
their hands, prying op boards and
tossing chunks of concrete from the
wreckage.

A column of thick blade smoke
| rose about 100 meters into tbe air.

The wounded induded students
at a school across the street from
the embassy, radio stations report-
ed. The explosion, heard more than
five kilometers away, also damaged
a nearby church.

About 100 diplomats and sup-
port personnel were working inside
tbe embassy at the time of the blast,
the police said.

“All ova the place there were
people injured from shattered glass
— women, children, pregnant
women, old people,” said Roberto
Decoumex, who arrived at the
scene shortly after the explosion.

An Israeli diplomat who left the
building shortly before the blast
said: “It was the worst moment erf
my life. It is just by chance that I

am alive: My office was blown
apart, and I don't know where my
secretary is. She must be unda the
rubble.”

Mr. Menem blamed neo-Nazi el-
ements and rebel groups within the
army for the blast

“They are Argentine Nazis who
see themselves as totally surround-
ed,” Mr. Menem said.

Uri Gordon, the head of tbe im-
migration department of the World
Zionist Organization, and a delega-
tion from the group had been in
Buenos Aires for several days on a
visit to brief tbe Jewish community
about recent arrivals in Israel from
the forma Soviet Union.

Argentina is home to more than
300,000 Jews, tbe largest concen-
tration of Jews in Latin America.
In recent years there have been
several anti-Semitic acts, including
the desecration of a Jewish ceme-

^tn Jausalem, the Foreign Minis-
try said in a statement that the
Argentine foreign minister, Guido
Di Telia, telephoned Foreign Min-
ister David Levy, saying that to tbe
best of his knowledge four of the
dead were Argentine electric com-
ly employees working in the em-
( Reuters, AP, UPI)

r

of

around

Arens met with
State James A- Baker 3d on
day. Afterward, he called the ses-
sion a good one but had no fralha
comment.

Prime Minis ter Yi tzhak Shamir

vowed Tuesday not to change loa-
d’s policy on settlements in the
occupied West Bank and Gaza.

“If we do not change and contin-
ue our political path," he said. “I
have no doubt that also the stance
of the otha side will change ova
time.”

lsrad has not officially with-
drawn its request, a Stale Depart-
ment official said Tuesday. The of-
ficial, Edward P. Djercjian, the
undersecretary for Near Easton
and South Asian affairs, said: “I
am not aware of any official Isradi
request to withdraw from the pur-
suance of loan guarantees.”

lsrad has sought tbe guarantees
to hdp cover tbe costs of absorbing
tens of thousands of immigrants
from the forma Soviet Union.

Margaret D. TutwOei; the State
Department spokeswoman, said
the administration had submitted
its own detailed proposal to Con-
gress ova the weekend.

She said it would “provide loan
guarantees to the government of

lsrad conditioned on the require-
ment that there be no new housing
construction beyond what is al-
ready under way .”

She added: “We will not accept
any proposal by the Congress
which fans to meet tins fundamen-
tal test It must be consstent with
United Stales polity, since 1967
that settlements are an obstacle to
peace.”

The proposed legislation would
have exempted the first SI billion
in loan guarantees from a bait in
new settlements but made dis-
bursement of the remaining $9 bil-
lion subject to terms set by Mr.
Bush/

Mr. Leahy, chairman of tbe Sen-
ate's Appropriations subcommittee
cm foreign operations, and Robot
W. Kasten Jr, Republican of Wis-
cqorin, the subcommittee’s ranking
minority member, met Tuesday
with Mr. Bosh in the last-ditch ef-
fort to find an acceptable compro-
mise.

Administration officials said Mr.
Baker had given them counterpro-
posals to consider. But congressio-
nal sources described these ideas as

falling far short of what Mr. Leahy
and Mr. Kasten are willing to ac-
cept.

These sources said the White
House appeared determined to
veto any legislation granting the
guarantees so long as the Shanur
govwonient does not agree to an
immediate freeze on new construc-
tion m the West Bank and Gaza.

On Monday, Mr. Arens said his
country would rather abandon its
quest for the loan guarantees than
7rai<nmce the right of Jews to live
m Judea and Samaria," the biblical
names for tbe West Bank.

Israel would “not beg or crawl
for help to absorb Russian mini.
gents, Mr. Arens said, adding?
“We are a small people, but we are
a proud people. WeshaD have to do
it omsehres. 1 know we can do it

and I know we will do it"

MJ» WP, NYT, AFP, Reuters)

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U.S. Suspects China
* Aids Iran on Arms

Aides Think Beijing Is Behind
'Subtle ’ Atomic Weapons Plan

Bv Tim Vann can officials worried about t

By Jim Mann

Las Angela Times Service

WASHINGTON — Although a
_ “cot infection found no cvi-
. dnctct nudear weapons research,
AnKrican officials say they believe
Inn is engaged in a determined,
. long-term effort to develop nudear
- weapons with the help of tedmd-

. ogy from China.

1 In the last few years, China has
provided Iran not only with ted>
. oology similar to that used by Pres-
■ ident Saddam Hussein of Iraq in
developing nudear weaponsout
also with a mini-reactor and other
items useful for n wlff ar weapons
research.

_ I don't lhinlr the Iranians are
gdng about it in such a brutish
~ fashion as Saddam Hussein,'* one
State Department official said.
“Their program is much more sub-
' tie and long term "

Iran now ranks, along with
North Korea and the Ccanmon-
' wealth of Independent Slates,
among the lop concerns of Ameri-

Burmese Troops
Clash With Thai
Force at Border

United Pros International

BANGKOK — Burmese fences
on an offensive against ethnic re-
bels intruded into Thailand on
Tuesday, setting off a gun battle
with Thu troops that left at least
eight soldiers dead and three
wounded, the police said.

Thailand immediately warned
that it would take “drastic action"
if Burmese incursions continued.
“We will not allow anyone to vio-
late even one square inch of our
territory,” the Thai interior minis-
ter, General Issarapong Noon-
packdi, said during a visit to border
■units.

Policemen in northwestern Mae
Hong Son Province said the Bur-
mese retreated across the bonier
after the clashes on Tuesday.

The Mae Hong Son police chief.
Colonel Prasong Yenbamnmg,
said in a telephone interview that
about 300 Burmese troops battling
Karen gpemDas in southeast Bur-
ma crossed the border at Ban Doi
Seang, 420 miles (673 kilometers)
northwest of Bangkok.

About half a mile inside Thai-
land, the Burmese encountered a-
unit of about 150 Thai troops, who
bad been sent to repulse the incur-
sion, Colonel Prasong said.

can officials worried about the
spread of nudear weapons.

The director of centra] inteili
Robert M. Gates, testified it
ss last month that Iran wa*

. ig up its special weapons ca
pabifity as part of a massive “effort
to develop its military and Harmy
capability.” Iran is looking to Chi-
na to supply missies ana nudeai
technology, be said.

China contends that all of ih
nudear help to Iran has ben
above-board and that the plants it
is helping Iran develop comply
with the legal safeguards of the
International Atomic Energy
Agency. A Chinese Foreign Minis-
try spokesman said in Novemba
that although China had supplied
Iran with nudear technology, it
was “only for peaceful purposes,”
But American sources said the
Bush administration recently had
urged China at “very senior levels”
to stop helping Iran’s nuclear pro-

“We’re trying to tdl the Chinese
that in this case; you’ve got to go
beyond the letter of the law,” an
ad m i nis tration official said, refer-
ring to the atomic energy agency
safeguards.

From Feb. 7 to 12, four inspec-
tors of the atomic energy agency
toured six Iranian nudear plants
and found no evidence of a weap-
ons program. The activities “were
found to be consistent with the
peaceful application of nuclear en-
ergy," the agency said in its report
But the report noted that its con-
chtrion that Iran's purposes are
peaceful was limited to the sites
visited by the team and mily for the
six-day period of the visit Ameri-
can officials said the agency’s re-
port was very carefully worded and
did not contradict t heir view that
Iran has embarked an a plan to
develop nuclear weapons.

An American nffcal said that
“these courtesy visits" by the atom-
ic energy agency “do not have the
same standing as a special inspec-
tion."

In a medal inspection, the agen-
cy has the right to ask to see what-
ever nudear plants it wants, on
short notice. By contrast the recent
visit by the international team
toured rally sites arranged, in ad-
vance; with the government of Iran.

Further, American officials said
there was substantial evidence that
Iran was interested in techniques,
such as the enrichmen t of uranium
and reprocessing of plutonium,
that are not needed for civiHan nu-
dear purposes but are important
for developing nudear weapons.

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

PageS

Australian Repeats Stab at U.K.

Compiled by Ow Suff From Dispatches

MELBOURNE — Prime Minister Paul Keating
took a new swipe at Britain on Tuesday and
renewed his push for an Australian flag free of
British symbols.

Mr. Keating said that Australia could not in-
dude the British Union Jack as part of its flag
much longer if it wanted to be certain of its place in
the world.

“A nation eternally uncertain about its represen-
tational image is of course a nation uncertain of
itself." he said.

“We can't fly two symbols of our nationhood
much longer”

Australia’s flag indndcs the Union Jack in one
corner, symbolizing the role of the British monarch
as Australia’s titular head of state.

Mr. Keating later said that any change to the

flag would be a result of community feeling, not a
government initiative.

Mr. Keating repeated remarks made last month
during a visit from Queen Elizabeth H, when he
called for Australia to take a new independent
stance, free of historical shackles.

He also renewed an attack on Britain for desert-
ing Australia in World War EL Speaking in a radio
interview, he said: “Our sacrifice in World War I
for Britain was not responded or reciprocated in
kind in World War II.”

Mr. Keating denied that be was singling out
Britain for criticism.

“My complaint is with people here," he said,
“Australians who not rally can’t grasp the future,
but can’t grasp property and sensibly the past
They do not understand enough about the past to
let that influence the future.” (Reuters, AP)

Chine se Daily Carries a Hint

'Blaze Trails’ or Get Out, Official Press Says

Compiled by Ow Staff From Dispatches

BELTING — An influential
newspaper said Tuesday that offi-
cials who blocked economic reform
should be dismissed, a sign that a
power struggle could lead to major
personnel changes.

“We must resolutely dismiss
from their leading positions those
officials who lack the spirit of blaz-
ing new trails, who are incompetent
ana mediocre and cannot make
new developments,” a signed arti-
cle in Economic Daily said.

“By dismissing one person we
might be able to move a group,” it
said.

Almost nothing appears in Chi-
na's press by accident. Although
signed articles lack the authority or
editorials, they often are used to
advance the cause of powerful in-
terests in a dispute; m this case
those of Deng Xiaoping, the senior
leader, who has argued Tor renewed
economic reform.

The article appeared in advance

of the annual session of the nomi-
nal legislature, the National Peo-
ple's Congress, at which propo-
nents of change were expected to
consolidate positions, sources said.

Government leaders were pre-
paring a series of strongly pro-re-
form statements to deliver to the
National People’s Congress, which
opens its yearly plenary session
Friday, the sources said.

The principal speeches at the ses-
sion Will maintain China 's adher-
ence to co mmunism and not reach
much beyond a policy statement
issued last week by the Politburo,
said the sources, who are familiar
with advance texts.

But the tone of the leadership
pronouncements will be to set firm-
ly in place the renewed commit-
ment to reforms begun in January
by Mr. Deng, who initiated the
program in the late 1970s.

“The em phasis will dearly be on
reform, more and faster,” said one
source who has seen some of the

advance texts. “We will have to
wail until after the congress to see
what it really means."

For example, according to one
advance speech text, an economic
policy official, Deputy Piemier
Zou Jiahua, will tdl delegates that
among the guiding tasks for 1992 is
to “quicken the pace of reform and
open further to the outside world.”

Nearly 3,000 delegates will take
pan in me congress session, which
supposedly rules rat legislative mat-
ters but in fact approves policies
made in advance by Communist
Party leaders. More decisive actum
was expected at a party congress
later this year.

The case fra- the hard-liners who
oppose more flexible economic
management was weakened Tues-
day with the report that Li Xian-
nian, an opponent of the Deng re-
forms, had been hospitalized and
would probably not attend the ses-
sion.

(Reuters, UPI, AP)

Iraq Paper Assails
Belt-Tightening

Reuter. t

BAGHDAD — A Baghdad
newspaper attacked the govern-
ment for failing to control prices on
Tuesday, saying Iraqis were side of
being told to tighten their belts to
offset the effects of UN sanctions.

In rare criticism of the govern-
ment, the drily A1 Iraq said it was
failing to stop a rise in black-mar-
ket prices for basic commodities.

“Tbe only thing some officials do
to combat price rises is to urge
people to tighten their bdts fur-
ther," Daoud Farhan wrote in the
newspaper.

New Malaria Strain in Cambodia Prompts Fears

By Boyce Rensberger

Washington Past Service

WASHINGTON — A new strain of malaria that is
resistant to aD the standard drugs used to cure the disease

of the'tropiral world, according ttMhtTworld Health
Organization.

The fear of its spreading is especially acute, a WHO
spokesman said, because the first of about 22,000 soldiers
and civilians of a United Nations peacekeeping force are
now entering the affected region, near T hailan d.

The UN forces, health officials fear, could cany the new
strain with them when they return to their homes all over
the world. Those who return to tropical countries could
carry the parasite, a one-cell ed protozoan, in their blood,
which could then be transmittal by mosquitoes in their
home countries.

The World Health Organization said about 360,000
Cambodian refugees now in Thailand were also at risk.
They are expected to return to their homes in the affected
region withm the next few weeks.

“It’s a potentially scary situation," said Dyann Wirth of
Harvard University, who heads a malaria research pro-
gram jointly sponsored by WHO, the World Bank ana the
United Nations Development Program.

Mr. Wirth said the rally treatment available fra: people
who get the new strain of parasite is a 14-day course of
quinine and the antibiotic tetracycline. Whereas the stan-
dard drugs are administered in a single dose, the multidose
regimen is difficult to maintain undo- Third World condi-
tions. Also, both drugs are in short supply in Cambodia.

Mr. Wirth said the new strain bad emerged in a region
that appears to foster malaria parasite evolution. It was

therein 1959 or 1960, researchers believe, that the parasite
mutated in a way that gave it resistance to chtoroqume, a
drug that had been used for about 20 years to cure the
disease. In ensuing years, chloroqume-resistant strains of
the parasite spread throughout the tropics.

Several other drugs have been developed to use where
chloroquine fails, but each was eventually defeated by a
strain of the parasite. Fansidar, once a highly touted
combination of two drugs, lasted for only two or three
years before resistance arose and began sprouting.

The result has been that different malaria zones around
the world have different combinations of parasite strains,
including some with no resistance, sane that can fend off
one drug and some that are invulnerable to several drugs.

About 270 million people, most of them in Africa, have
malaria and from 1 mill inn to 2 millio n of them die of the
disease each year.

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Page 6

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

UmlbSKBibune.

P u b HA wl Vhfa Tbr Vn Yorii Tows «ad Thr I Wrinjttoo Ptnl

Israel and America

Press reports tdl of official American
concern that Israel has repeatedly sold sen-
stive American miEtaiy technology to third,
countries without the requisite American

airthnrkafinn Thu Twadi's deny it alL If the

reports are confirmed, then a new burden
wul have been added to a relationship that
remains strong asd realien t but that cannot
possibly serve either country well if it con-
tinues to be so freighted. The United States,
in sharing cutting-edge technology, counts
chi Israeli respect for American terms. To
have it nailed down that Israel traffics in
American technology with China, South
Africa and others would severely erode
American respect for the Israeli word.

This is not the fust episode, even the Erst
recent episode, to tax American confidence
in Israd. The source is dear enough. It is not,
as some tatter Israeli officials and others
charged, that American officials are guoniag
far Israel to enforce compliance with what
the besieged Israeli government regards as
wrongheaded American diplomacy. It is tint
Israel is a small dependent country living in
dangerous circumstances and whose succes-
sive governments have fallen into a habit of
taking American support for granted.

This is the context of land’s reported

i the re-

conduct in fuzzing restrictions on
export of U.S. technology — conduct said
to have taken place over a long period and
in the face of regular American cautions. It
is no surprise that this matter surfaces as
American-Israeli differences on the Ameri-
can-sponsored peace talks widen. Congress
is in rather full support of the Bush admin-
istration’s policy of conditioning housing-
loan guarantees on an Israeli West Bank
settlements halt. Jerusalem has chosen set-
tlements over guarantees and is taking the
issue to Israeli voters in June.

Elections are the right forum in which to
set basic Israeli policy toward the United
States. In power 15 years, the ruling LOcod
has pul Israel's relations with its angle pa-
tron under heavy strain. Labor, the chalfaig-
er, supports a course that is meant Erst of all
to serve Israel’s interests but that happens to
be compatible with American policy. Elec-
tion-bound Likud is tempted to use the peace
strategy dispute, and now the technology
dispute, in nationalistic ehaHenge to Wash-
ington. Israel's friends can hope (hat Lilcud
docs not go far down this self -defeating road.

— THE WASHINGTON POST.

Support Venezuela

A month after dodging assassination dur-
ing a nriBtary coup attempt. President Carlos
Audits Ftrez of Venezuela still fights for
survival. He has struck bade with political
reforms meant to revitalize one of Tj>tm
America’s oldest democracies. The United
States, with a strong interest in bis success,
can hdp. No economic bailouts are needed,
just more consistent political engagement
and follow-through on existing initiatives.

The coup attempt revealed deep fractures
behind Venezuela's democratic facade.
Gov ernment patronage and consumer sub-
sidies financed by ofl surpluses had helped
build a broad consensus. When oil prices
fell and world markets became more com-
petitive, Venezuela had to retrench.

Mr. P6rez deserves credit far p ushing
through needed reforms, but the new policies
alienated poor and ntiddlfrdawVaiaadaM
who Fdt that the rich and the politically
connected evaded a fair share of sacrifice. He
has now moved to ease pressures on the
middle Aw and reduce the influenca of
party machines A wider range of political
forces has been invited into the gov ernment.

and a constitutional assembly s umm oned.

Foreign commitments are not a high pri-
ority with U.S. voters this year, but middle-
income countries like Venezuela are not
looking for handouts. They seek commer-
cial investments and free access for thei r
goods in world markets. Washington can
encourage investment by more adequately
financing the seed money projects of the
Enterprise for tire Americas program. And
it can hdp Venezuela reduce its dependen-
cy on oil by successfully concluding the
Uruguay Round trade negotiations.

Even more important, W ashing ton can
hdp restore confidence in Venezuela’s po-
litical stability by consistently standing be-
hind the Western Hemisphere's belea-
guered democracies. The recent military
challenges in Haiti and Venezuela make
strengthening the collective security mecha-
nisms of the Organization of American
States an urgent priority. Such measures
cost relatively little and promise high divi-
dends.- Mr. Pfaez is taking brave risks. He
deserves Washington’s support.

— THE NEW YORK TIMES.

One Woman in Nine

An article that appeared Sunday in The
New York Times criticized the dissemina-
tion of statistics (Hi breast cancer, suggest-
ing that doctors misunderstand their impli-
cations end ure unnecessarily frightening
women. The American Cancer Society,
which put out the statistics in question, has
countered with a clarification renewing its
plea that womai take this threat seriously
and pe rso na lty and then take steps toward
eariy detection. The figure in question — one
in nine American women will devdop breast
cancer — create resolve, not unjustified fear.

It means that over the course of a lifetime,
from birth to age 85, that fraction of the
American female population can bq. expect-
ed to contract the disease. It does not mean
that many will die of it Indeed, while the
incidence of breast cancer is rising — a fact
attributed in part to increasing longevity —
tiie rate of death from this form of cancer has
remained steady. There is every reason to
believe that tins is because eariy detection
has led to more successful treatment.

The number has also been misunderstood
as iDnstrating an annual risk or the unvary-
ing risk at any particular age It is neither.
The chances of contracting breast cancer

increase with age- By the age of 45, for
example, only one woman in 90 wiD have had
the disease, but after 50 the risk rises rapidly.
No one should be panicked by these num-
bers. By lhe age of 85, after all everyone will
have contracted a number of illnesses, and
most wifi have died of one of them.

The message that the cancer society
wants to send is not that women should be
f atalis tic at terrified enough to demand
unnecessary drugs or, worse, preventive
mastectomies. It is that while breast cancer
is a very serious national health problem, it
can often be successfully treated if found
eariy. Regular mammograms — once every
few years between 40 and 50, and then
annually —can be the key to survival.

There is no need to hype numbers or
exaggerate risks to induce action, and as far
as we can tdl this has not been done. There
should be no reluctance to accept the statis-
tics that are sdid and to act on them. Women
who find themselves in that unfortunate one
in nine, at whatever stage of life, are better
off knowing eariy. With that knowledge, they
are far more likely to find themselves on tire
affirmative side of tire survival equation.

— THE WASHINGTON POST.

Race and the Democrats

The issue of race has long divided Amer-
ican society and does so today. Republi-
can exploitation of the issue simply made
matters worse. Yet the Democrats who
aspire to the White House, with one excep-
tion, have paid tittle attention to race.

Bill Clinton has addressed the issue
more shrewdly and boldly than his oppo-
nents, but even he focuses mainly on cures
for the sagging economy.

That is an understandable preoccupa-
tion: The economy is Topic A. But while
the dangerous racial climate may not be as
corrosive as the recession, it surely runs a
close second. And it surely deserves far
more attention than the people who aspire
to lead a united nation give it

When not wholly ignoring the issue, Re-
publicans from Ronald Reagan on have
often exploited it for partisan advantage.
George Bush's stubborn opposition to the
civil rights bill, which be falsely labeled a
quota bill, is a recent case. And President
Bush has hardly responded at all to the
divisive fnlmmations of Patrick Buchanan.

Among the Democrats, Mr. Clinton was
first to recognize the need for a message of
conciliation that would apply equally to
worried whites and blacks. On Super Tues-
day, poor blacks and blue-collar white
voters supported him, suggesting that
Americans can transcend racial divisions
and look to their mutual interests.

By contrast, race has hardly been men-
tioned in Paul Tsongas’s campaign. Al-

though Mr. Tsongas has long demonstrat-
ed a personal commitment to racial
harmony and justice, he has chosen now to
stress Ins program for economic growth
instead. Jerry Brown also has excellent
credentials as a conciliator, but he, too,
has em phasized economics.

In Chicago, even Mr. Clinton seemed to
dodge. The Windy Gty is the most segre-
gated of America's major dries. Demogra-
phers call it “hyper-segregation." The city's
dismal race relations could well become the
norm across the nation. Mayor Richard M.
Daley inflames matters further by promot-
ing a redistricting plan brazenly aimed at
diminishing black political pOWCT.

The three Democrats waltzed through
Chicago, oblivious to the circumstances
around them. Apart from Mr. Brown’s
brief critidsm of Mayor Daley’s plan, race
scarcely came up at all Mr. Clinton closed
the first debate by underscoring efforts ue
had made in Michigan to bring white and
black communities together. Those efforts
were laudable. But his comments in the
debate ignored dramatic racial divisions
right before his eyes.

The Democrats are correct to assume
that the recession is topic A. But they are
terribly wrong if they have dedded to soft-
pedal race. America's racial climate has
deteriorated in Lhe last 10 years. That
damage will only grow worse if the Demo-
crats shrink from the task of repairing it
— THE NEW YORK TIMES.

international herald tribune

KATHARINE GRAHAM, ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER

Co-Chairmen

LEE W. HUEBNER. Publisher
X)HN VTNOCUR, Exeaane Ethur* WALTER WELLS, News SAMl^L ABT, KATHERINE KNORR

fru'i VU'lUt.Un. UCOWnrLttHV* »■ «. ■ .■ — » ■ ni rarmTimwm « 1 ** *

and CHARLES MITCHELMORE, Dowy Ed> ttj* < • CARL XJEWTR17, Associate Editor
ROBERT J. DONAHUE. Eduor of tie Eduonal Paga * REGINALD DALE,

TeL:

Economic and Financial Eduor

RENE BONDY. Dam Pvbhther • R1CHARD R MORGAN. Astocim Pribher
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International Herald Tribune, 181 Avenue Charles-de-GauDe, 92521 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
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r. 1992. International Herald Tnbunt All rights reserved ISSN. 0*94-805*.

Gen

Pres.

SA

A Joint Force

For Europe

By Jim Hoagland

P ARIS — France and Germany have reached
agreement on the shape and the missions of

many

troops in Europe. Hooray. And oh no. But more
hooray this time than oh no.

Why should Americans regret Western Eu-
rope organizing its own defense and cutting the
defease burden that American taxpayers bear?
You would think there would be champagne
corks popping in Foggy Bottom and at the
Pentagon. But you would think wrong.

The Atlantidst Establishment at the State
and Defense Departments believes that Ameri-
ca's global leadership depends on the U.S. pres-
ence in Europe and specifically on America’s
role in NATO. Whatever helps Europe turn
into a unified bloc resistant to American leader-
ship causes auivering choruses of “Oh no.”

Normally 1 would join the chorus. NATO has
waked too wdl (including during Operation
Desert Storm, ever though out of public view) to
be discarded hastily. But the previously undis-
closed French-German accord, due to be an-
nounced by the two countries’ leaders in May,
involves significant concessions by both sides

that meet long-term American objectives of get-

ting France more involved in NATO and secur-
ing German support for multinational opera-
tions outride Europe. This may be a case of
America needing to take yes for an answer.

France's concession is largely a conceptual
one for a force a decade or more away from

shouldering an important role in European de-

fense. Bat, as any Francophile or Francophobe
knows, hoe concept is everything.

French officials have agreed to German de-

mands that a binational force of about 25,000
soldiers should come under the operational con-

trol of NATO headquarters in the event of war in
NATO’s European heartland Bonn and Paris

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time since Charles de Gaulle withdrew France

from the alliance's militar y command in 1966.

Washington has long desired that France re-
join NATO. But Germany has adopted what
turns out to be a more effective technique of

se eking quiet, de facto French cooperation with

NATO that does not require a public reversal of
Pr esident de Gaulle’s dedSKHL
The French concession is contained in the
agreement for the three missions of the joint
force, which will have a French divirion of about

9,000, a slightly larger German division under

s of the American

hope to add units from Spain, Italy and other

build a defense

the orders

Supreme Allied G

who serves as

in Europe, and a

_ Minist er Roland Dumas,
reflecting Ercsidenf Frangds Mitterrand's con-

tinuing sensitivity over appearing to accept
American demands for reintegration, struck the
off ending words from the draft But German and

French nfririak agree that the mission descrip-

tion that survived makes dear the French unit’s
obligation to the NATO command.

The second mission implies a significant
rhnng ft far Germany’s defense role that should
please American ofudals critical of Germany’s

failure to play a direct role in the Gulf Wm.

Bonn and Rons have agreed that the joint force

European NATO members and I
cornerstone for European political unity,
lhe accent, described by G erman and French

officials in separate conversations, brings French

anils closer to an open role in NATO than at any

muted French-German brigade. The first mis-

sion is to respond to aggression against the
territory of NATO’s 16 member states.

French officials agreed to langn^y in the

original draft placing the joint force under the

NATO command's operational -control in this

will be authorized to operate in areas outside

the NATO treaty (such as the Gulf) or where

NATO declines to mtervene (as in Yugoslavia).

This is a revolutionary undertaking for Ger-

many’s defense leaders, who go on record with
this accord as opposing the view that Germany

must restrict its mifitaiy role to the NATO area.

Their stand should strengths! the hand of
Chancellor Helmut Kohl who has said he

wants to nhang n the constitution to ; enable

Germany to take part in “out of area" actions.

The third missio n, humanitarian assistance
abroad, is likdy to be far less controversial. •
Tiim Americans (see the Pentagon’s recent

draft plan fa a Pax Americana) Europeans are

groping for new security frameworks beyond the
Cold war. The German-French proposal could
have the negative effect of encouraging a swifter
drawdown of U.S. troops from Europe than

either country wants or tnan would be prudent

Tbit Washington ranld ini ni mm the rides of new
mi^miWs tunding s on this issue

by according Paris and Bonn the gentlest of
hoarays on the positive dements of their new
agreement and bolding the oh nos in reserve for

the tough bargaining on defense that lies ahead.

The Washington Past

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People’s Representatives Aren’t Supposed to Serve Themselves

s at the Truth

I--.'::: : : - — -ua!

’fSA-

C HICAGO — The House bank
scandal is one of those stories
that seemingly requires no explana-
tion. Everybody can understand
penalty-free check bouncing. That is
what makes it so damning — and so
easily distorted.

What is known at this point
strongly suggests that dozens of
members of Congress have taken
advantage of the laxness of opera-
tions at their checiring-and-depasit
service to float themselves large, in-
terest-free loans. It is also dear that
scores of others are facing embar-
rassment, if not worse, for sknpi-
ness no more sinister than the kind
of checkbook balancing errors that
most of us often make.

Bj David S. Broder

The primary contests and the
aber

November elections will tdl how
shrewd America’s voters are in sep-
arating the sheep from the goats m
this mess. Meantime, commenta-
tors are using the scandal as a met-

E r for everything they dislike
t Confess, tike the 5640 toi-
let seat which came to symbolize
Pentagon waste, the check-bounc-
ing story seems certain to become a

shorthand symbol for a Congress
that is relentlessly undisciplined in
far larger fiscal matters.

The situation is both better and
worse than it is being made to ap-
pear. As scandals go. this one is
penny-ante. There was no damage
to national security, no breach of
the Constitution and no significant
loss to the taxpayers. Yet it is futile
for members of Congress to insist
that this was “a private matter" that
involved no misuse of public funds
and therefore should be of no con-
cern to their constituents.

The bank was in the Capitol
building, which both symbolically
and legally belongs to the nation
and all its citizens. The downs who
ran it were mi the federal payroll,
supported by the taxpayers.

Moreover, the operation which
Speaker Thomas S. Foley belatedly
shat down last year was not an
anomaly. If it did not reflea the
"institutional corruption" that the
minority whip. Newt Gingrich of
Georgia, alleges, it was certainly

ptomatic of a legislative branch
which in far more serious ways has
become dangerously overindulgent
of its individual members.

That pattern of individual self-
I over collective re-
wrong with
: end product of a
political system that in almost every
way has exalted individual self-ag-
grandizement ova party and insti-
tutional responsibility.

Tommy Robinson, the former Ar-
kansas congressman who popped up
on one list as the alleged bouncer of
a record 996 checks, was welcomed
at the White House three years ago
by President George Bush when he
switched from the Democratic to
the Republican Party. No one in the
Republican hierarchy was under
any illusions about Mr. Robinson;
he was an opportunist who jumped
Mrties in return for a promise of the
Republican gubernatorial nomina-
tion in 1990 against Governor Bill
Clinton. In the eud, the Washington
Republican power brokers were un-

able to deliver on their end of the
deal, and Mr. Robinson fell in the
Republican primary.

But his cavalier attitude toward
his party affiliatio n is only margin-
ally worse than that of many other
members of Congress, just as his
check bouncing apparently exceeded
the norm. Far too many of today's
House members are individual entre-
preneurs, in political business for
themselves, and they have made die
House a place which is run — like die
defunct bank — far the benefit and
convenience of its individual mem-
bers, not for any larger purpose.

The House works a Tuesday-to-
Thursday schedule, so the members
can conduct constituency-building
buaness at home four days a week. It
has expanded its staff, especially in
home district offices, to gve its mem-
bers a publicity and personal-service
operation that few dmltengro can
match It has spawned so many sub-
committees that almost any tided-
term member can be called “Mr.
Chairman,” with extra staff and
perks, even though tins undergrowth
of subcommittees interferes with the

work oflegislation. And, of course, it
has developed the art of individual
fund raising to epic proportions.

Mr. Gingrich is right in saying
that this pattern of excessive indi-
vidual self-indulgence has grown

under long years of one-party

: list of bank

ocratic rale. But, as the i
offenders shows, the exploiters of
these advantages are by no means
confined to Democratic ranks. The
politics of selfishness, in all its as-
pects, knows no partisan bounds.

Some say the answer to all this is
term Emits, but rotating people in
and out of office is no guarantee of-
higher standards'—- and certainly
not of party and institutional re-
sponsibility; Far better for the vot-
ers to accept their responsibility to
deal with the flagrant offenders at
election time. If they do,^ everyone in
Congress will understand that earn-
ing bade public trust requires them
not only to keep their checkbooks
straight but also to make the House
once again an effective and account-
able legislative body — not a per-
sonal plaything fonts members.

The Washington Past

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Fancy Meeting You Here? The Twain Busy in the Middle Eaist ft

N ICOSIA — The United States
and Europe should reconcile
themselves to major new challenges
from Tokyo for control of oQ and
markets in the Gulf region. Japanese
companies, entrenched in Iran since
the late 1960s (when the late shah
expressed his admiration for the
“achievements of the Japanese em-

By John K. Cooley

pire”), are also moving Jggpessivdy

American and British companies,
then struggling with the Italian o ilman
Enrico Mattefs revolutionary 50-50
formula — half for the host country,
half for the oil company — experi-
enced shock The Japanese struck a
similar deal with Kuwait. They soon
nsgestoffs

on the Arab side of the i

Perhaps sensing the new Japanese
challenge in everything from crude
oil sources to petrochemicals and car
sales, the United States is trying to
cash in further ou its lucrative Desert
Storm victory over Iraq.

The Nicosia-based Arab Press Ser-
vice, which is wefl-infonned on mat-
ters Japanese, reports that the Bush
administration is trying to preempt
the Japanese advances by seeking new
commercial privileges for America.
Old oil hands see a danger of Japa-
nese- American collision in efforts by
both to secure new sources of crude oil
and new markets for cars, construc-
tion equipment and electronics.

Japanese and European business-
men m the Middle East say this is the
message conveyed by Eugene McAllis-
ter, assistant secretary of state for eco-
nomic and buaness affairs, a commer-
dal envoy for President George Bush.
“It is important,” Mr. McAllister
warned in Abu Dhabi on Feb. 11, “for
Gulf countries to tear down the barri-
ers to investment” — including the
requirement that local nationals in-
state firms bold at least 51 percent
equity tn ventures with foreigners.

This is wherc the Japanese come in.

Ever since their entry on the stage
of Gulf oil pohtics in 1957. two gen-
erations behind the American, British
and other multinational oil giants,
the Japanese have had a simple for-
mula for success: They have usually
been willing to settle for less than
their competitors.

It began, as Daniel Yergin writes in
“The Prize,” his epic history of ofl. in
the 1950s. Taro Yamashita, a Japanese
ent r epreneur, realized that if Japan
was to end depeodmee on Western
companies, it most enter the race for
Arab ofl. He gathered some of Japan's
top energy and banking tycoons into a
consortium, discreetly named the Ara-
bian 00 Company. The prize was die
rich offshore deposits below the Gulf,
off Saudi Arabia and Kuwait

When in 1957 die Saudis demanded
more money than capital-poor Japan
then could raise, the Japanese agreed
to a compr om ise. They would take
only 44 percent of the offshore field's
hypothetical production. The Saudis
would get 56 percent, and the right to
acquire an equity stake in the compa-
ny after oil was struck, as it soon was.

drilled into one of the biggest onshore

ofl systems in the world.
Today Jai

Today Japan draws 60 to 70 percent
of its imported oil from the Gulf.
Qose to one-filth of it comes from
offshore fields near Khafji, which Iraq
tried to grab last year.

Japanese planners tremble at the

Aramco, the now

possibility tl
Arab-owned farmer Arabian- Ameri-
can Oil Company, or perhaps a Euro-

group, could take over Arabian
El’s concession. Kuwait and especial-
ly Saudi Arabia, say Middle East oil-
men, are determined to drive a hard
bargain with the Japanese.

It is disconcerting to the big Ameri-
can and European operators in refin-
ing, petrochemicals and other down-
stream petroleum operations that the
Saudis not only want the Japanese to
invest S12 billion or mare in Saudi
industry bm also want a slice of the
Japanese home market, bringing Arab
investment, outlook and personnel
into Japanese domestic industry.

Company men from Europe and
Japan fear that favoritism toward the
American liberators of Kuwait and

defenders of the Saudi kingdom could
deprive them of market shares. It
could also exdude billions of doflaxsin
non-American investments.

The U.S. government, one Middle
East banker conjectures, would not be
able to raise the $70 bSUan or more
needed to increase the oil production
capacity of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and
outer Gulf states to the extent that
soured' these states would Eke.

As a Japanese diplomat explained
recently, Tokyo and others fear that
tire U.S. government could obEge Eu-
ropean and Japanese banks to con trib-
ute to U.S.-led production nrishig , or
face being forced off the fast commer-
cial track in the Gulf.

As Japanese com pa ni es look for
! oj], natural gas and invest-

ment

i from Oman to the
Ut, A m e ri c an o n u rani^
especially big engineering ana con-
struction firms like Bedrid and Ra
M. Parsons, are anxious to lr cq>

new i

Peace and Demoralization in Lebanon

market worth dose to $70 bflfion to
the United States. This does not
count the aims sector. The U.S. Con-
gress has been asked by the Bush
ad min istration to approve maariye
sales of missiles and combat aircraft
to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

Japan, if it can tie down the soon? •
to-eranre Arabian Oil concession,
could expand into the lower Gulf
states: Qatar, which has one of the
world’s biggest natural gas fidds; the
United Arab Emirates, where Japan
is already a big player; and Omari.*

fMDfmwIli *i mi ■*— — r m i -

relatively pew territory for Tokyo.

f hands say that noth-

Some old Gulf ]

A THENS — I returned last week
. from my third trip to Lebanon
since the civil war ended in October
1990. After 16 years of vicious war-
fare, during which even the trip from
airport to home could be a grim ad-
venture, Beirut is alive with traffic
jams; taxi drivers are again bold
enough to lake a visitor anywhere.
Even some Westerners, heartened by
the release of most of the hostages,
are daring a return.

The once routine rattle of machine
guns and artillery is gone. The silence
can be eerie. Hard as it may be to
imagine, the dvil war is over.

Border skinmsbes between Israeli
troops and Hezbollah guerrillas have
no visible impact on the affairs of the
rest of the country. Most people
couldn’t care less.

But the news is not all good. After
15 months of calm, little has been
done to erase the vestiges of war.
Foreign companies are not rushing in
to rebuild Lebanon, unlike wealthy
Kuwait after its war.

Few of the hundreds of thousands
of Christian, Muslim and Druze war
refugees have returned to their vil-
lages. There is no significant recon-
struction of homes, hospitals, schools
or public buildings. Communications
have deteriorated. Most telephones
are useless. Electricity functions two
to three hours a day.’

The roads, many still unpaved,
were ravaged by torrential rains earli-
er this year. Traffic lights still don't
work, making each intersection an
adventure to negotiate. Garbage is
collected in only a few areas, and has
piled up high along the Beirut-Sidoo
highway and on many dty streets.

The economy is paralyzed. Despite
the peace, the value of the Lebanese

By Ramez Maluf

pound remains at around 1,100 to the
dollar. Lebanese economists Eke EEas
Saba and Marwan iskandar estimate
that more than 80 perc en t of the coun-
try's investment infrastructure is
ruined, making it next to impossible
to attract serious ventures.

The most serious casualty of war
may be the spirit of the people. Tradi-
tionally known for resilience amid
adversity, the Lebanese today show
frustration and despair. They nave no
money to address their problems, and
no chic is coming to their aid, Leba-
nese of (be diaspora have chosen to
continue living abroad — although
some 300.000 did visit lost summer.

Political leadership is seriously
lacking. The ministers and the newly
-appointed members of parliament
are the same people who ruled the
country for two decades as militia
leaders or their surrogates. They were
instrumental in ruining the country;
they are now unable to recreate it

Lebanese politicians have long
tended to concentrate on regional
politics at the expense of domestic
affairs. These people never had to
dal with such mundane questions as
paving_ roads, rebuilding schools and
collecting taxes. Today, as parlia-
mentary and cabinet discussions go
on endlessly and aimlessly, the coun-
try wallows in misery. No politician
seems willing to dream of building a
beautiful, belter Lebanon.

In turn, an embittered public ex-
pects little rroni its leaders. Those not
yet resigned to their pathetic situa-
tion line up at embassies trying to
find a way out of the country.

If the Lebanese are to rebuild, they

will first need a dream. It is up to their
leaders to devdop a vision — and
share it with the people — of a nation
capable of moving an from a sad past
to a brighter future. No one is doing
this today, perhaps no one in the pre-
sent leadership is capable of it For the
sake of Lebanon, this must change.

The writer ws chief editor of Beirut’s
now defunct Daily Star. Editor in ddef
of the Athens-based weekly Middle East
Times, he contributed this com m ent to
the International Herald Tribune.

“6 lhe enierpnsniE Jup-.

anese, at least those in the oil hjanfi£
more than President George Bush’s
defeat m the November election. They
reason that no one else could
theexpertise that Mr. Bush, his femfly
and his administration have in the
Middle East ail buaness — no one
except, perhaps, the Japanese.

7k? wirer, an ABC News corre-

H.F r T aring a book “kw*

America and Japan in the Middle ■
East. He contributed Otis comment to

lhe International Herald Tribune.

IN OUR PAGES: 100, 75 AM) 50 YEARS kcA

1892: Dumas Art Sale

PARIS — “No! I am not selling my
pictures because I have lost money on
the Bourse. Nor is it on account of an
infatuation for a beautiful actress. It
is amply because my wife is 31, and I
have resolved to take her to Marly-le-
Rd, and live in my house there,"
Alexandre Dumas sard in the hall of
his Paris house: The writer has got
one of the most remarkable collec-
tions of pictures in this dty. It has
been his pride for years asd the world
which knows him was astonished to
hear that be determined to dispose of
all his rare and dear canvases.

1917: New Russian Ruler

PETROGRAD — The Tsar’s abdica-
tion has been made definite. In a
historic prodamatiao to the Russian

rial Crown not only for himself, but
he also signed sway the right of suo
cession for his son. Prince Alexis. He
bequeaths the Throne to his brother.

Graml Duke Michael AkxandrovidL
and implores the faithful to accord
their aid toward the
vigorous prosecution of the war to

L 2™?*°? “Bouncing that

1942 : MacArthnr Haled

MacA ™mr’s arrival to assume
command in the souri«25“2f -c
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INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

OPINION

Page 7-

W ashington’s Tone on Israel
Does Add Up to Conspiracy

By A. M. Rosenthal

N EW YORK — In Washington, the
govetamau of Israel recaved two

g icces of information from the United
totes on the same day.

Ffrstthe Israelis were told u the State
Pcpartinent that the United States had
mteuiEence «nnr» s that Israel had traas-

- oj about American Pa-

triot miraW to China.

■ ft* ^ same time the Israelis were
informed that the story would break
withm 24 hours in the American press
and television. It did.

It is difficult to say which piece of
informatio n more startled and angered

ON MY MIND

the Israelis — and American officials
who t hin k a little dirty work is well
afoot in Washington.

Israel issued repeated denials — and
suggestions of American root verifica-
tion. Defense Minister Moshe Arens left
no loopholes in a talk with me in New
York: no transfer of Patriots or Patriot
technology to any nation.

A couple of days later. The Wall
Street Journal said tf»*t Israel trans-
ferred other U.S. military technology or
materiel to other third parties. Again the
Israelis issued d enials. So many subtle-
ties about origin of technology and
weapon devices are involved that It will
take time to check them all out
Dove or hawk, Israelis say (hey must
have an arms industry, or surrender
their freedom. They say Israel cannot
cany a defense industry without for-
eign sales and that since much of the
world market is closed by the Arab
boycott they cannot eliminate other
.customers, like China.

Perhaps — but perhaps Israd relies too
jmuch cm arms revenue, as some of its
friends believe. In any case, Israel's

Getting at the Truth

I F ISRAEL flJidfly transferred U.S.

arms technology to China, it not only
broke faith with its major ally but per-
haps pul American security at risk, if, as
some in Israel claim, the leaked allega-
tions are part of a campai g n to weaken
the bilateral relationship, then that too

most be exposed, the sooner the better. The hard corps correctly interprets
The stray about the Patriot missile is months of Bush-Baker signals as mean-
both the most serious allegation raised ing that emotionally and politically the
and the least credible. Israel fra 1 years has UJS.-Israd alliance is tottering. They

figure that with a good shove it can be
sent into the grave.

So, if yon believe that undisclosed
officials working harmoniously toward
an undisclosed goal of damaging a par-
ticular foreign country is a conspiracy,
why, there you have one.

ft does not infest the whole govern-
ment- And it is not a criminal conspiracy.
It is just one of ethical diplomatic con-
duct, if you wDl forgive the expression.
The New York Tunes.

friends have the duty to say that any arms
sale to Communist China is contrary to
Israe l's interests and stature as a demo-
cratic country — as wae shipments to
Sooth Africa during apartheid. Washing-
ton’s unswerving appeasement of Bering
is a far greater disservice to hopes for
China's freedom from co mmunism

But all that is tire tip of the latest Israd-
U-S. nastin e ss. Many Israelis are con-
vinced that there is a conspiracy in Wash-
ington against than. They are ri ght

Bat it is not the kind of government
conspiracy that distant Israelis ma y
imagine — orders from the White House
to go get them. That really does not
happen often in the government. It is
not necessary. Most frequently, the tone
of information from anonymous gov-
ernment sources cranes from signals, not
orders — signals that an administration
is hostile or favorable to some foreign
leader or country.

Take Jordan. It backed Iraq in the
Gulf War. But President George Bush
never seemed veiy mad; he was excru-
ciatingly moderate.

So the American bureaucracy never
disclosed the full details of the United
Natkws-embargoed matfaid that flowed
through Jordan to Iraq during the war
and ever since. Now, with the president
resuming his public romance with the

km& here come leaks that the supply line

the United States never publicized is all
over. Believers may raise their hands

But Israel's role in the war and as an
ally of the United States is forgotten or
belittled. Bush-Baker attitudes toward
Israel run the gamut from icy to rude.

The State and Defense 'departments
are not staffed only with Israd-bashera.
Some government hands are strong sup-
porters. Others find fault with Israel but
use their positions to work out problems
before they become wounds, as they
would with any other ally.

But, to face it plain, now as even
before Israeli independence, there is a
hard corps of officials in whom the
name, the very concept, of Israd sets off
an incurable rash, poor fellows. They
scratch it by doing as much harm to
Israd as their bosses allow. (Inside the
Washington Beltway now, pro-Israel
inn be synonymous with anti-career for
specialists and journalists.)

nor years has

had a weapons relationship with Omw.
At the same time Qrina supplies missiles
-and other weapons to such enemies of
land as Syria and Iran. For Israd to give
China access to Patriot technology, which
could permit China to improve the sur-
vivabffity of the misaTes it sells to Syria
and others, would be madness.

Is the stray a mafidons fabrication? It
is vital that Washington and Jerusalem
cooperate to begin providing answers.

. — JLos Angeles Tunes.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Making and Keeping Peace

In an otherwise exedkot opinion arti-
de (“New Age for the United Nations,
Members Willing , " March 12, by Stephen
S. Rosen fe Id), with most of which I com-
pletely agree, there was a reference to
^poorly conceived peacekeeping mis-
sions mat drag on — like Cyprus

The Cyprus peacekeeping operation,
known as UNFICYP, is generally ac-

under difficult ciicuimianccs.

Intended in 1964 for a timited period
of time, it has lasted much longer. But
this is Dot because it was poody con-
caved. The resolution that created the
force was based on a two-pronged ap-
ihrougb UNFI-

proach: peacekeeping
CYP, ana peacemaking through UN me-
diation. Only whathebalanced ami wise
reoort of the UN mediator, the late Gak)
, was rejected by Turkey in 1965 did
; fall out of step with peace-
_ wiin the present unsatisfactory
result and the consequent need fra tlx
UNFICYP to remain.

The experience is pertinent elsewhere,
as in Croatia today. Unless peacemak-
ing works in parallel with peacekeeping,
there is the risk of indefinite prolonga-
tion of the latter, with all the undesirable
financial and political consequences.

Letters intended for publication
should be addressed “ Letters to the
Editor “ and contain the writer's sig-
nature. name and full address. Letters
should be brief and are subject to
editing. We cannot be responsible for
the return of unsolicited manuscripts.

But in Cyprus's case, this was not due
to poor conception. It was due to the
refusal of one party to comply with the
LIN mediator's findings ana the unwill-
ingness of the international community
to ensure compliance.

ANDREAS J. JACOVIDES.

Bonn.

The writer, ambassador of Cyprus to
Germany, was first secretary of the Cy-
prus mission to the UN in 1960-65.

Hie Ainu and Others

Regarding “Japan, Land of Quia
Apartheid ” (Meanwhile, March 10) by
George Hicks:

I strongly agree that Japanese society
has a dismal attitude toward minorities.
Another example, unmentioned in your
article, is the Ainu people.

Though they once lived in areas from
south Sakhalin to the northern part of
the Japanese mainlan d, they were forced
in the mid-19th century to abandon
their lan guage, traditions and culture
through compulsory assimilation.

1993 is supposed to be the year of the
world’s indigenous people. Let us bear the
voices of the silent minorities and protest
the lax enforcement cf the Intauational
Cov enan t on Qvfl and Political Rights.

MIWASAITO.

Tokyo.

The Muslims of India

It was very refreshing to see in your
March 7 edition the front-page photo-
graph of Muslims offering prayers at a
mosque in New Delhi. A country often
referred to in the international media as

being mainly Hindu, India has a popula-
tion of some 115 milli on Muslims.

As a Hindu Indian. I was pleased that
you chose the world-famous Jama Masjid
mosque in New Delhi to signify the com-
mencement of the holy month of Rama-
dan. My appreciation to your esteemed
newspaper, and best wishes to Muslims
all over the world for their prayers.

L. M. JOSH1.

Rome.

Read It and Shudder

Regarding the report “Senator's A-Bomb
Joke Is a Dud in Japan” (March 5):

Rarely do I read something so loath-
some that I feel physically UL Senator
Hollings's ‘joke” had that effect on me.

TIM HANSON.

Frankfurt.

A Lesson About Bashing

A few days after returning to the
United States from a business trip to
Japan, I walked into a bank in Seattle.
Noting that the teller looked Japanese, I
said “good afternoon” in Japanese. Hie
idler replied, “I don’t speak Japanese."

Of course not. He was as American as
I am. In fact, since I am first generation
I tali an- American, be could have been
more American. I should have known
better. I thought I did.

The point is, it is bad enough that the
United States and Japan are engaged in
an increasingly bitter exchange of criti-
cism and raoal slurs. But an even greater
tragedy is fra Americans to turn against
Amen cans. Thousands of Japanese-

Speah Up for the Journalists
Who Fall in theDrug War

By Guillermo Martinez

M IAMI — The hold phone woke
me up in the middle of the night.
Bernadette Pardo, a reporter, and
Carlos Corral es, a cameraman, at televi-
aon~3tation WL.TV, the Miami affiliate
of the Spajusb- language television net-
work Univision, had been the target of
an assassination attempt in Medellin.

MEANWHILE

Colombia. They had been covering the
war on politicians, judges and journal-
ists in die narco-terrorists’ desperate ef-
fort to prevent the extradition of drug
dealers to the United SiatesL

On Sept. 5, 1989, Ms. Pardo and Mr.
Corral es narrowly escaped becoming
two more victims.'

The image of a blood- and debris-
covered Ms. Pardo at a demolished res-
taurant haunts me lo this day.

She suffered two fractured vertebrae
and a broken collar bone, and flying glass
slash ** ! the tendons in her right arm. Mr.
Corrales suffered a broken ankle.

Americans have not forgotten how, in
World War D, they were denied their
rights at citizenship and placed in deten-
tion camps. Let us not forget the lesson
we should have learned.

RICHARD V. BADALAMENTE.

Vienna.

Peace Through Strength

Regarding “ Military Readiness —
Watch the American Yo-Yo Drop
Again " (Opinion, Feb. 25):

If all members of Congress under-
stood tins article by Edwin M. Yoder Jr„
America might have a more realistic
defense policy. Even pacifists know that
only strength keros peace. A crisis in the
’90s could be history before we have
time to mobilize.

The military also performs an invalu-
able soda! service by training and edu-
cating many young people who would
not have a chance m civilian life. A
career in the military should always be
an attractive option for youth.

MARGARET G. S. LLOYD.

Verplanck, New York.

Smith’s Relief Pitching

Regarding “ Unraveling the Mysteries
of ‘Polite BasebalT ” (Sports, Mardt 7):

For backing up your coverage of
World Cup cricket with Red Smith’s
1939 “explanation” of the sport, this
dazed-over Yarik can only say, thanks
Fra the relief.

. DON CROTON. .

Sl Germain-en-Laye, France.

The shock of the attack soon gave way;
to a deep anger.

This was a dear assault against the
free press — an attempt to silence critics;
by crass intimidation, a tactic that all
too often succeeds in many countries. *

This tactic would not work in the’
United States, where the vigilant news
media would demand an investigation 1
and not rest until the culprits were
brought to triaL

I was certain the U.S. media would
take action on behalf of Ms. Pardo andj
Mr. Corrales. They were American jour-
nalists covering a foreign war. But hard-
ly anyone published the story or men-
tioned it ou the air. No journalistic
organization joined the battle. Newspa-
pers did not demand justice.

The silence was deafening, maybe be-
cause these were Hisparbc journalists who
work in the Spanish km giiag e. maybe be-
cause the indaent happenedin Colombia,
where more than 50 Colombian journalists;
have died, and where attacks on journalists
and politicians are common.

The mentality seemed to be that it just
couldn't happen here. But last week it
did. An assassin with a gun again struck
in a restaurant.

The victim was another Hispanic
journalist, Mafiuel de Dios Unanue, the
former editor of El Diario-La Prensa.

This time the crime did not take place
hundreds of miles away from the United
States: Mr. Dios was killed in Queens,
New York — too close for American 1
journalists and politicians to ignore.

A free press cannot function in a cli-
mate of fear. Journalists cannot exercise-
their constitutional right of free speech
if a well-paid assassin is in effect im-
mune to prosecution.

It is not crucial whether Mr. Dios was
killed by a narco-terrorist, militant anti-
Castro groups or a Puerto Rican group
fearing his latest investigation.

He was killed because be was a jour-
nalist and somebody did not like what
he was saying.

Whether anyone agreed or disagreed-
with his politics and liked or disliked his
professional style is irrelevant

The UjS. media and journalism associ-
ations should demand ihm the killer be
brought to justice. We should demand •
that federal officials enter the case, be-
cause an attempt to intimidate the press is !
an attack on the constitutional gnafanfM- •
of free speech and because only the gov- ;
ernment has the resources for a full inves- !
tigation. Perhaps the New York Police ■
Department’s request for federal cooper- ;
atiou will bear fruit. \

But if the media treat the Dios murder •
the way they did the assassination at- 1
tempts in Colombia, Mr. Dios may well \
not be the last journalist in the United •
States to die for a free press. \

The writer is vice president f& news aper-‘
aliens at the Unmdon network, Heop^tnb- j
uted this view to The New York Times. >

"" ” r -r : . j

Communications systems. 1992 and beyond.

The Spirit of '92 marks a new openness
throughout Europe.

A Europe which can reach out and
touch the world as never before.

It is a spirit whose very success will
depend on each nation s ability to com
municate and co-exist with one another.

At Alcatel we have the expertise and

the experience to make this a reality.

This extends to every aspect of com-
munications systems: Network Systems;
Radiocommunications / Space and Defense;
Business Systems; and Cables.

A capability underpinned by 120,000
experts operating in 110 countries worldwide.
In the true Spirit of '92, Alcatel is

supporting the Olympic Games in Albertville
and Barcelona and Expo ’92 in Seville.

For Alcatel/ and our customers, 1992 is j
just the beginning.

▼ ▼

y iMsnairorn yf

V V

Akotel n.v.. World Trade Center, Strowimkylaan 341, NL 1077 XX Amsterdam/The Netherlands. Tl f T

! #

International Herald Tribune
Wednesday March 18, 1992
Page 8

STAGE '/ENTERTAINMENT

LONDON THEATER

Lukewarm Billy Wilder

'Some Like It Hot’ Turns Into Farce

By Sheridan Morley

International Herald Tribune

L ONDON — Tommy Stede’s stage career,
like his singing and dancing, has a kind of
mathematical precision. Since the “Half a
Sixpence” which made his name in the West
End and on Broadway 30 years ago he has, apart from
Chris tmas and solo shows, appeared in only three
musicals at 10-year intervals. AD three have not been
so much revived as resuscitated from old Hollywood
movies never intended for the
stage: First came “Hans Christian
Andersen," then “Singm’ in the
Ram" and now “Some Like It
Hot,*' which New Yorkers may re-
call started out as a 1972 JulcStyne
Broadway flop called “Sugar”

What has brought it back to Lon-
don life, of a kind, at the Prince
Edward, is Steele's unquenchable
enthusiasm for musical movies. He
directs himself and an otherwise
inai

in

lop through the old any
transvestite classic, which i
to lose all the strop satire
original and finish up as a broad
farce about broads which has to rely
on the ancient pantomime gimmick
of the on-stage car chase played
against a screen background of diff-
toproads.

The “Sugar” score was always
among the least of Jule Styue’s and
Bob MerriD’s achievements, and it
has sol been much helped by the addition of one or
two numbers from such other stage flops of the period
as “Breakfast at Tiffany’s.” But the real problem is
that Stede’s brand of spectacular, buDt around end-
lessly tapping toes and that agdess Cheshire-cat grin,
does not allow the kind of teamwork that Tony Curtis
and Marilyn Monroe and Jack Lemmon brought to
the movie.

Stede’s partners here, Billy Boyle and Mandy Fer-
rymen t, sodom transcend understudy status, and only
Rpyce MiDs in the old Joe E. Brown idle as the absent-
minded millionaire is aDowed to establish any real
rivalry to the constantly stage-cento star. As a result,
this is a show for those who only like h lukewarm.

Trevor Nunn’s return to Shakespeare, after his
decade in blockbuster musicals, has been marked by a
desire to work on s mall studio stages in drastic recon-
siderations of some of the most difficult texts. After
last year’s chamber “Othello" with Ian McKellen and
Willard White we now get (into the Young Vic from
Stratford’s Other Place) a “Measure for Measure"
which b rillian tly locates the doset drama in its native
Vienna, but at the time erf Freud and the last of the
operettas.

A Fre udian “Measure for Measure" has of course
tempted directors in the past, not least Jonathan
Miller, but Nunn is the first to make it work at all

Tommy Steele, BiUy Boyle
Some like It Hot ”

levels of Viennese society and psychology. We get not
Only the consulting-rooms, as it were, where both
Angelo and iwhrfla have to come to terms with the
hist that underpins their apparent legal and religious
protection, but also the street caffis and jails through
which the self-exiled Duke wanders in a democratic
attempt to take the pulse of his people at a moment of
particular social ana sexual change.

What Nunn best achieves here is a kind of corporate
energy so that the whole production has been choreo-
graphed fike a ballet, and therein lies its ovcraD power
to force a reconsideration of Shakespeare’s most con-
sistently contemporary piece.

In a magnificent cast Claire
Skinners Isabella, gradually com-
ing to toms with her long-sup-
pressed sexuality as David Haig's
Angelo goes to pieces because Of
his, are matched by Philip Madoc
as their psychiatric father-figure
and a supporting cast rich in the
kind of minia ture character studies
that once were the hallmark of
Nann’s Stratford and are alas to be
found there no more.

Having brilliantly challenged
the memory of the National The-
atre's original Olivier/ Redgrave
“Unde Vanya" with a new st a gi n g
a few weeks ago, that company
now moves on to another of the
original Olivier landmarks from
1963, “The Recnalfiig Officer”
with considerably less success.

Nicholas Hytnez's new produc-
tion is set, for no voy apparent
reason, amid garish building-block
townhouses in a S hr ew sb ury sadly lacking the realistic
period detail on which Farquhar’s comedy so crucially
depends.

Here are no new insights into character or plot, just a
kind of weary reco gniti on that a classic Restoration
comedy needs to be revived every so often and that this
one has to be worked through as adequately as possible,

given that the original stellar casting of Olivier, Maggie
Smith and Robert Stephens cannot now be replicated.
The sense of a real post-Bknhmn recruiting cangjaign,
in which lives were to be sacrificed in either warfare or
wedlock, is nowhere apparent.

Nor is the feeling that Sergeant Kite's exotic cha-
rade, to dis guis e hims elf as an astrologer in order to
improve his chances of catching a few soldiers, harks
bade to what Falstaff would nave done in similar
circumstances.

William Gaskin's 1963 production was reckoned to
be the moment when the postwar British theater finally
came to terms with the reality of Restoration: While it
would be unfair to expect as much again of this one,
some point of view would not have come amiss.

As it is, Alex Jennings and Sally Dexter are left to
grab what langhs they can back from Desmond Bar-
rifs wonderfully camp Captain Brazen mid Ken
Stott’s nig»ed Sergeant Kite.

Steele directs himself in a low-key gallop through the Billy Wilder classic.

Buchwald Verdict: Studio Owes $900,000

By Carla Hall

Washington Pm Service

L OS ANGELES — A Los Angdes
Superior Court judge has ordered
Paramount Pictures to pay the hu-
morist Art Buchwald 5150,000 and
the producer Alain Beruheim 5750,000 for
their contributions to the hit movie “Coming
to America."

With that decision on Monday, Judge
Harvey Schneider ended the third and final
phase of the long-running lawsuit
In the first phase the judge ruled that
Paramount had indeed based the movie on
Buchwald's idea — which Bemheim took to
the studio — and had not honored a contract
the studio had previously struck with the two

the contract was unfair and* said he would
deride the fair market value of the two men’s
contributions.

The award of 5900,000 falls far short of
the approximately 56 million the plaintiffs'
attorney had suggested to the judge but is
higher than what Paramount said the two
should have been paid — 5250,000 (the
amount specified in their original contracts).

Buchwald, reached at his Washington
hornet said: “I'm delighted. We beat Para-
mount.”

Buchwald played down the significance of
the money. He said that right after the case
wait to the judge, his lawyer threw a party in
Los Angeles, where bets were taken on the
settlement He guessed 51 million, the col-
umnist said. “So 1 guess I won the pooL The
important thing is not the money but that we
won the battle. We won every battle."

Buchwald said he and Bemheim had ar-
ranged to put their awards together and pay
40 percent to their lawyers — who have
worked on the case for three years on a
contingency-fee basis — and split the remain-
ing money evenly between themselves.

That is, of course, if they ever see it As
expected. Paramount said that it intends to
appeal.

A statement released by a Paramount
sp okesman, John Scanlon, calls the judge’s
decision “a clear victory for Paramount and
a major defeat for Buchwald and Bemheim.
They asked for $6 2 million. . . . They got
less than a millio n- Although we're pleased
with the ruling, we wfll appeal the judge’s
earlier decisions that Buchwald's 212-page

treatment was the basis of the film and that
his contract was unconscionable.”

The trial has cost both sides far more than
the financial award. The plaintiffs' attorneys
estimate they have spent KL5 milli on in pre-
paring their case. (They estimate that Para-
mount’s attorneys have spent $3 million,
although no estimate was forthcoming from
that side.)

Although the trial has raised questions
abort how a movie can gross $300 million
worldwide but fail to show a net profit —
and in fact stiD ran a deficit (about 59
milli on), Paramount’s accounting practices
were never on trial, just the contract of
Buchwald and Bernheun. The question was
always at what point Buchwald, and Bem-
heim should share in the earnings of a film
that had already paid out money to its star
(Eddie Murphy), its director and the studio
in its role as distributor.

tracts had they known the net-profit formula
would probably yield them nothing.

Whai effectthe trial will have cm contracts
with Hollywood studios remains to be sees:

“What the whole derision says is if in 1992
you want to rive someone a part of a success-
ful movie, & vehicle for that is not net
profits,” said the entertainment lawyer Peter
Ddrom. “We really ought to take a hard look
at that— and get real We are not encouraging
people to be cost-conscious because we’re not
sliming the up side with them. There is no
reason a producer or a director should keep a
movie to its budget if they’re a net-profit
— -■ "-“—to pat as much as posable

into the movie to
their next project will ;
Even if writers

T

HE contracts that Buchwald and
Bemheim signed called for them to
receive a percentage of net profits
— and the judge wondered oat
loud during the last day of the trial whether
the two would have negotiated different coa-

it successful so that
■ off better.”

refuse to
ex-

r not be in

a position to negotiate for ’anything rise.
“The economics of the movie deal are going
to remain the same,” said the enter tainmen t
lawyer Terry Avchen, who usually represents
studios.

The issue, as always, is one of dout “Ev-
erybody doesn't want net profits,” said De-
kom, “but oily certain people have the pow-

ti

Fighting for an Oscar

Actresses Champion Low-Budget Movie

By Bernard Weinraub

New York Tuna Service

L 05 ANGELES — Diane
Ladd, a star of “Ram-
bling Rose” and an
Academy Award nomi-
nee for her role in that film, spoke
in a clenched voice.

“It’s breaking my heart, just
breaking my heart,” she said. “Peo-
ple can’t even see our movie. We’re
invisible. So we had to begin this
grass-roots campaign."

WORLDWIDE

ENTERTAINMENT

Tribal Art at
Lempertz
in Brussels

March 25 th 1992
Hotel Mdtropole
Place de
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2:30 p.m.

Catalogue on re-quest

24, rue aux Laines
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tel. 02/514.05.86

LEMPERTZ

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Laura Don, her daughter, who
has also been nominated for an
Academy Award for the film, said
with a sigh:

“It’s staggering. Insane really.
People say to me, like, “Why aren't
there ads for your movie?’ And Fm
like: “You guys, forget about the
ads! We’ve just got to get enough
money to get people to actually see
the movie;”

Two weeks beforethe 64th annu-
al Academy Awards the two trade
papers Variety and The Hollywood
Reporter are crammed with lavish,
studio-paid ads for such expensive
films as “JFK,” “Bugsy,” “Prince
of Tides" and “Beauty and the
Beast”

But “Rambling Rose." a low-
budget comedy-drama that was
warmly endorsed by critics and
stirred a strong early response
among audiences, has fallen victim
to Hollywood economics.

T HE film, about a free-
spirited 19-year-old and
ha impact on a Southern
family in the 1930s, was
written by Calder Willingham and
directed by Martha Coolidge, and
it stars Robert Duvall Lukas Haas
and Dera and Ladd, the first moth-
er and daughter to receive Oscar
nominations in the same year.

But the movie, produced by Sev-
en Arts, a division of Carolco,
which has been on the financial
precipice, disappeared after only
four months because of the compa-
ny’s money drain. It played at only
200 theaters in the United States.

But now the film has gained two
unexpected Oscar nominations.
And without the financial strength
of a studio, the movie’s performers
and director are engaging in a rear-
guard insurgency, Hollywood-
style.

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“Honestly, I’ve been nominated
for a film that so few people have
seen, and we’ve got to do some-
thing about it," Ladd said. The
trouble is, I feel like I'm in a row-
boat without a paddle and every-
one’s got to paddle with their own
fingers.”

Even less fortunate than “Ram-
bling Rose" is “Raise the Red Lan-
tern,” a critically acclaimed nomi-
nee for best foreign film, which
slipped virtually unnoticed into a
theater in Los Angeles on Friday.

This Chinese film, whose direc-
tor, ZbangYimou, created the 1990
film “Ju Don," has almost fallen
between the cracks largely because
its financially troubled distributor.
Orion, is spending its resources
promoting “The Silence of the
Lambs."

The major studios, seeking to
gather Academy Awards, which
can pay off at the box office, may
spend as much as 51.2 million, ana
even more, on ads, promotion and
videocassettes mailed to members
of the Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences, which selects the
winners.

“The key is to get academy mem-
bers to see the movie,” said Robert
G. Friedman, the president of
Warner Brothers Worldwide The-
atrical Advertising and Publicity,
whose company is spending hun-
dreds of thousands of dollars
mo ting Oliver Stone's film “J
and has sent cassettes of this film to
the 4,968 academy members.

Publicly, Hollywood studio
chiefs groan about the paucity of
low-budget dass films. Where are
they? Where’s the new “Driving
Miss Daisy ” or “Chariots of Fire”
or “A Room With a View ” Or even
“Boyz N the Hood."

Or is “Waynds World" the wave
of the future?

Decisions by the studios under-
cut their public stance.

Take tne case of “A Midnight
Gear," a bleak, funny drama about
a squad of American GIs in the
waning months of World War U
that has stirred considerable atten-
tion in previews here.

At first, studio chiefs insisted
that they adored the film, saying it
was important and powerful. But
they rejected it.

“Everybody said it was a lovely
film," said Dale Pollock, a produc-
er of “A Midnight Gear," who
struggled for six years to make the
film. “They asked me why more
films like this aren't made. But they
passed on it. They said they just
couldn't sell this kind of film. They
could sell ‘Blame It on the Bellboy, '
or ‘Final Analysis.’ But not this.”

The low-budget movie, which
will finally open in April in New
York, Los Angeles and several oth-
er large cities, represents one more
test of whether a serious, if some-
what downbeat, movie can survive.

The movie is based on the auto-
biographical novel by William
Wharton and was written and di-
rected by the actor Keith Gordon
and features an ensemble cast of
some of the most skilled young ac-
tors in town: Gary Sinise, Kevin
Dillon, Arye Gross, Ethan Hawke,
Frank Whaley and John G McGin-
ley. It takes place during Christmas
1944, and focuses on a squad of
GIs on the snowy Goman front
who confront a group of German
soldiers who are as terrified and
sick of the war as they are.

The film, which was made in

ttnid Sme/IHT

Utah, cost only 55 million to pro-
duce and S3 million to distribute.

Pollock, a former reporter for the
Los Angdes Tunes and the author
of “Skywalking," a book about
George Lucas, said this film had
been nothing but a struggle.

“Nobody’s booking us on the
Tod a/ show or ’Good Morning
America,’ ” he said. “Johnny Car-
son isn’t inviting our actors to ap-
pear. It’s tough. We’ve tried to po-
sition ourselves as an underdog
movie that has to be discovered.
You do whatever you can do."

He laughed. “Thank God we
made our deal before ‘For the
Boys’ and ‘Shining Through,’ " he
said. “World War D movies are
totally anathema now. Until the
right one comes along."

Two Views of 'Caligula’

By Thomas Quinn Curtiss

International Herald Tribute

P ARIS — Albert Camus is justly receiving
an exceptional tribute, with “Cafigob
playing in two Paris theaters in differing
concepts and interpretations, throwing
interesting light on the rich text
Camus's brief and hurried life is a legend. Bora
in Mondovi, Algeria, he grew up in poverty. IBs
father, an agricultural worker, was killed in the
fim battle of the Marne in 1914; his mother was
Spanish. A love of sports and study gave the boy
s tamina- Graduated from the University of Algiers
with honors, his passion for the theater led him to
organize a company for winch he adapted plays
and acted.

His first novel, “The Stranger” and his philo-
sophical essays gained him a high position in
French letters. He traveled widely and in 1943
went to Paris to join the Resistance movement and
to edit an underground newspaper, “Combat” In
1957, after the international success of his novel
“The Plague," be was awarded the Nobel Prize in
Literature. He died in a car crash in 1961, at 47.

“Caligula" had its premiere at the Thtttrc He-
bertot in 1945 with Girard Philipe in its title role,
the intellectual sensation of the season.

It tdfls of the young Roman emperor who, strick-
en by the sudden death of his beloved sister,
Druslla, ponders the futility of existence in the
Hamlet manner. His meditations on the eternal
mystery lead him to consider his position of limit-
less powers. He is the monarch of the world, bid,
deranged by sorrow, he strives to control the uni-
verse, to make impossibilities come true. He yearns
to possess the moon, to blend tbe sky and the sea
and discover the secrets of the dead. As life is
madness, he wfll rule by madness.

Having complete power, he will test it His
experiments are those of an insane sadist. He
orders executions and torture without reason, to
defy logic and sense. The dimax comes when he
strangles his mistress without cause and is assassi-

nated by Ms senators, who have become almost as
crazy as him. . . .

At die Com&fie Frangaise tins “absurd” drama
has been staged as spectacle by tbe Egyptian fihn
director, Youssef Chahme, who lends exotic orien-
talism to its central setting, surrounded with a
fringe that suggests a Cecil B. De M31e movie
studio. There is a great deal of “action” and noises
belly dances and orgies backed by flights of stairs
and a huge sheet of glass resembling a New York
skyscraper. The costuming defies any period. The
emperor is sometimes dad as a garage attendant
and sometimes in imperial robes and must, accord-
ing to the script, disguise himself as the goddess
Venus. Jean-Yvcs Dubois’s Caligula is passable,
but the memory of Philipe, a magic actor, as the
seeker of the impossible, intrudes.

At the ThAfitre des Mathurins, “Caligula” is
found in a modest, intimate presentation. Its scene
appears to be a sculptor’s ateher with busts and
statues about and with the company in mostly
modem, dress. Emmanud Dechartre dominates as
the demented emperor and when he converses with
Hefcon (Jean- Paul BazzaconQ, Cherea (Jacques
Rosny r the director) and Sdpion (Matthicu RozA),
what is said cranes across dearly to enlighten one
of tbe purpose of play’s lessons.

M axim Gorky’s “Vassa Gekz-
nora" (at the ThAfitre Artistic AthA-
vains) is written in the naturalistic
style and has remarkable power. An
indolent, alcoholic merchant who inherited a line
of Volga River cargo boats has reduced his firm to
near-banknjptqr. He has been arrested on a sex
offense and is about to be sent to prison, a scandal
that will bring down the company. His domineer-
mg wife urges him to commit suicide and he does,
saving his family from disgrace and ruin.

The role of tbe relentless woman requires a
magnificent actress and one has been found in
Yivume ThAophflidis, who is providing one of the
finest performances of the season. Gorky recast
this play in 1936, irgecting “social significance” to
please the Soviet censors, but it main mi™
dramatic str ength.

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ACROSS

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10 A rival of Hera
14 Ancient wisdom
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17 Peck. e.g.
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20 Cash-
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21 St Louis-to-
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to someone
whoS not there.”

They must not have heard about voice messaging from AT&T ISA Dived Service.

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Refer to the sports page for a complete listing of all country codes.

AUSTRIA* 022-903-011 GREECE*

BELGIUM* 078-11-0010 HUNGARY"

CZECHOSLOVAKIA 00-420-00101 IRELAND

DENMARK* 8001-0010 ISRAEL 177-100-2727 SWEDEN* 020-7

EGYPT* 1 356-0200 UAUf* 172-1011 SWITZERLAND* 155

FRANCE* 19:-0011 NETHERLANDS* 06H)22-9111 TURKEY* 9:0-800

GERMANY- 1 0130-0010 NORWAY* 050-12011 ~ UNITED KINGDOM 0800-8 9-0011

For additional USADirect* aixrv. numbers or information about the features call us collect at All 553-7458 Exl 921.

When in the l?JL call I son WO E.\r. 321 for a free USADirect information card and brochure.

00-800-1311
00:-600T)1111
1 800-550-000
177-100-2727
172-1011
Q6MJ22-9111

POLAND***

PORTUGALt

SPAIN*

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010-480-0111

05017-1-288

900-99-00-11

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155-00-11

9:9-8001-2277

* Puhln ptude* rrt|mifdrpmil iHi'min rani imc
■! AmaJI vcual dial tiinr

t.Mai nwbconNiMr fajmnrn piinnr
• V* nvjllahJe trua puhJIc phene*
i EHaJ-itf-firel.aiibklcuiGalni

2. VrMrra (xurim

.* tal-ii-nl»aivnnlwti<iMli'Vin»

when you get your faxes. You’ll have an exclusive elec-
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Only AIM USADirect* Senice offers you such a broad
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speaking AW Operator in the States who can help you
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This trip, try one of our advanced features.

AWT USADirect Service

Your Express Connection to MSA Service

r yijocnlid l ailing Kt|ul!n« |i*n h4ww cw*p*hlp h , k , plkKk-nl t.Qn( milahk- in cvrum i« will no

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Vl

Page 10

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

IMPORT/EXFORT

COTTON TUtt SOCK Me* & beys. 3
pod pr a imfeoed boys * raft sods,
tafes Foofes Tights sofedfi prints,
designer oartvhcae & heavy knitted
hggngL D en d ied with tacnfce-
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Tg£71 3783- 1300

BUSINESS

OPPORTUNITIES

BUSINESS MESSAGE CENTER

SERVICED OfTKES

BUSINESS

OPPOfiTUNTHES

Bn«n of Hi* Wahfi pradrota
d acw r ihe W «W5oiitd. Shop
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BRUSSOS

Avtlndi

ALPHA +

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■a - Mi ri d * mmdafjdmm on

WE ME L00KN6 FQt RS-

SERV1CES

Preferred by few fans, occountancy
firm and busnen axecuthm wartdwiJe.

RECYOED BLUE JEANS. Id qnfty.
2Q w 4Q ft. aatenen. 85 arts/b Al
tone brands, ol «**le for your
tepedbi No SOThw wwite.

C 5 C Export 1 Train TrtpB)
759-9333 Fm PQ3 75+73B IfiA-
CAN ORSb - Ifflt 5% VOL AJahoi
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151 boKte. £x-worta Brasek Phra
073 DM / batik Fa* 32/SU04299

■ Tefac 86 227,

GOOD ADULT USD JEANS tea
original aider. IM qutdly mm and
wanav 155 rests/Lb. Other pub*
at vintage doting amiable, ter

51 7-m«8 USA.

US. EXPHlB LOOKING, ft*

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peters, T.V„ fire dutra, k>od t <tofa§

IEV1 JEAN* tfUWA brand none
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MAJOR 05. JUN Datteria bakng

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■far Yedbl OuiMM(i
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We provide a m te service induing
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nomnw Sectors, moi et,

Iti _ii__ rj IL„L-„ r — J C.

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25 Grantees Manor
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Item 303445-7400
Fan lor mmadUn reply I

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"KNOW TH YSELF. KN OW THY
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BUYERS i 5B1ERS WANTS)

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COMPANY HCORPOIATIONS
H0M US$150

Goamhensve pra f a aium i mn

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fteiend Homo,

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leading UK Intemotianal troteg Ca ,
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Contact Sasomah Oarthy/Bnertey
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Brand PWeefinn Cortnd An m
Tab UK 61 237 1020
foe UK 61 237 1021

information: the more you ham the
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M r*vr

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addrmMM and tolmpkam

CERTTFB) CORPORATE
SERVICES

We are a team at amsafcrts dedaxad
to the cefledien and andyn of
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.fJLT i tndfifirllfitoif Uk mimm

wm "TO pt^luo

unbaed, m rnprewwim eustow reports
anat^mo eny spedlie Hbnafian you
requn aout yaw busnis oompefitorv
Reports are independently prepend by
maMevd experts,

«J®»OOK TO mOBHJPHKWG

Services in mqar on**®! ? ieL . wr
a copy znd lift® chad,

Exam or Vim «mb« » &JE®
Yabw Hm, Via Rnsafa^OOlfl?
tew. My or F°x= 3P-64820W- _
BLTRANCE 10 DDWAHC. bmtaMrt

33147404^ Mer^^ tattl JjwM,

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LONOCN TOp per

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poteaial profit 565,000-
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Offering a ere*, long term bon or
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COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL
REAL ESTATE

USA CORPORATIONS

tact Ddawore OTorajoni. Abo,
a Jenrice^ moot ~K ragbrdtoi

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Wo-Video: Werigale 1i
Sale 1/45 Med
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lidernatenGt tab.

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GPFKE SUITE TO SHME M NUB5.

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Metro fint Fufty equbpod. seartwy

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wtah memnn t. BouJique lea

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For further detoftt
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AG EDI

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fat (33) 93 50 19 42

NABONAUTTB

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wopean c ri iia 82 J. GmbH
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ARE YOU READY
TO EXPAK) YOUR BUSWB5

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KBUMaJft ^ m

Hie export ogerbim are nenense.
Exploit them My, become on artiva
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84 YEAR OLD COMPANY needs ,512
MSm for equipment, bmk ndei&to
expend shop boys to hm* customer
pressure vessel confrads. 10* rterest
pka IS* of pofit urtl rxpmASet
vrtw recod in 1991 & netted IB* on

COMPANY MERGERS & ssqw&rt,
venture tnpad. We haw started m
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agents, partners, branch eperdon
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your experience and wtvtf you oosra
comribute to our eperegon. Amhr
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Inlti*

INTBINATIONAI H®A1D TRIBUNE

HEAPOFFIg

i {Far classified cndyji

NORTH AMWCA

FINANCIAL

INVESTMENTS

PI 4637.9185.

Tx: 613595, fatflj 463751701

bjIcl far compMa dekds FAX name
& address to: 713/6755038 USA

CAPITAL AVAILABLE

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MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH
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software nsmuncN

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FINANCIAL SERVICES

8EU ESTATE M OBtMANY. Invest-
ment opportunities far cfced Hwafcrs
end bona fran DM 5 MKoa Also
seating m upendi on with fanxm bv-
v os fori and banks. Barkhardt
knmofaOmv Tel. +49-63494201, fat
+49-62498858.

- OFRXnMIY Rl FRANCE —
SuoaenM tad man seek* new
partner investor fcr hi* Bnpean de-

EUROPE

Andorra: TeL 28264.
fam 28264.

SERVICED OFFICES

T«Jj 20.6730757.

Fern 206737 627.

AMsone: TaL (30) 1 65 35 246.

Tx_- 218344, Fso 66 45 513.
Borporc (Norwa^:

TeL jtt3913CDa

Opatat. sates to
OaB^tetk

BANC BEPRBENTATIVES

Bemkert/brotaon with c flen tele

FOR SAIfc Priase fate Beads,

Bads h USA.
nedhg Diractor

KL SEAFOODS

7446 Obedxxhiiigiiq, Germany. Deafen
ri fresh 6 hotel Ameriem ipecies.
Expren md aiywhere b Europe. Tek
+497022-64390. fat +4970&M69.

FANS. 91 BUE DU HO ST-HGNOfE
75006, in hi^i dme buBdm^ 2 u ftkm,

45 sqm Free immeitaaly.

9, CCui DCS raiTES ECUJDE5

■met dadraUa drip off Worth

Anno*, nxabtoi g of 8 fate, far

VocuEonfft motet leader in vacuum

OV— ,, , J-J-u L i ri . M hii-to

niuu UQPUmv JamG wuruunaiua

tan. Some delribulan
Phcee contort: TAW1

‘ 75010, in modern bifefcg,
310 sqm, 6 waUna s.

Td [1)42 66 WS. Fax P) C 66!

fax [2121 $93-4964 or
phono (212) 752-1917 USA

AVBME GSAM3E ARMS

Ceding lease, 172 sqm. office.
Rat FTStUXB + cnoa of tone
MB Tafcfab llf45J4A2M

HVBA LUXURY HOIH

lSDroom an 16000 sqm exotic
pat wdi maiiewt 2 mob & haafeh

doh, FF145M. SW-aSfiOre
Td 3393 60 71 26 Fax 3393 60 91 81

DtSTNeUTORS (ODD far manafao-
hrer of dr dermal, rtgh name
potoftki 77 b npquafty proebrt re-
moves tobacco smote, dud. petien,
bacteria and ottwr uuhdnib from
the tar. kfad fa* rtstouro n ts. puts,
omoes. scjoaii, i w b ol vc rac
Bane Ddp 1513} m^tm. Untied Ar

Bat 10205. 434 23 Kwabacka !
Sweden. Tet +46 300 IBS Oflor fac

+46 300 189 90.

ms. HRM If POLAM) toakbg to
aaembie a do Ught AAaxifarturing af
Goods far reemort aid aha be
Domestic Motet Contact: OIT.G.,
Ltd. Phone: J407] 4344600 a fat:
(407) 43+OfiOi

PRIME BANK
GUARANTSS

PANS

LA DEFENSE

Mhmriata Bodnm Gmter

TbL 343-1899, 343-191+

35 YEARS proofing
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W BUREAUX

TaL 31 429325.

Real Eiteie Lam Tom Fmcoce
Venture Gaptid - Lethn of Gw£

SpedafatL fee. 4440 Geek Rd, Go-
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OtlARANTEES - ons
the ne cenu ry oaBcM
obtain fuming

xnvaanai

EUKOtXPANSKJN BY
Accountad, 20 yam b Amsterdan
provides quufty service fexdudng
address, med forwariW tali' fax,
of USS 175/Month. Contort: Tet
+31206161026 76836940 fac 68S1449

BROKERS/ CONSULTANTS
ArU new btniness -
maease eanings

ASIAN BANCOR CORP.

Suita 337, GumopaStai Tomer
134 Vdero Sheet, Sdcedo Vtege
MdcOi, Metro Mando 1300

FULLY EQUfffD OffKES FOR HOT
Any bngdi ■ Conference Roams
Trivcta paridng
Tab (33-1 1466979 SO
Fax: 133-1 ) 47 2S 46 41

OffKES FOR RENT b pine babons
of Moacow. Short in long tom
ewakikh. Please o-wifrirt
ARDANZA NT. NV, Bern Holand.
Tel: +31 .35.859208. Fox:
+3135634300. Telex 73987 Cta M

YOUR OWN COMPANY M

SWITZERLAND

ZIWCHZUOUUZBM

OflNA 009MECTTON

knousmn or proavea many m wiw
fa deldb Fax (305j 751-1931 USA.

TRANSLATICHSS

0+6300 ZUG, T3 41-42-21325:
Tba 864913 fau 41-42221049

MY AMBKAN COWeCTTON td

be your penonrf s hopper b U5A
We an get it for you. Quiddy &
iB U Kin dJ y. Try us. My Amencai
Connection, r.O. Box 22373,

Tefc 632-818-0069 _
Recommend Fax HJC WHITE

FAX: (632) 812-3933

wunimnwii L »*v. iam

Gevetond, 6 h 44122. fae 216447-
0933 or Tk 825644 USA.

Telefax: +4W731-237998

CONTACT EUROPE AmsSerdom. Rentio-
Dedt FiA professiond office support

services far ai hour, day or tor per.
TaL +31206847777. Fte 688137*

WE HBP YOU WIIH ASSSTANCE of
excefcn) bwyen to be nccesfui xi
un r est ing in Gamanr and oihar nr-
Opean ao wd ie t . Absobte ds cretion
guaranteed. Fax: 0049-208-428706
Germony

FradkfartcTeb (069) 7267-55.

Tsu 4W21, fac (069) 7273-10.
ItahhUiTab |R 647411
MaabobTeL 1320300.

fax: 1460666 .

Lananc TaL (21) 2830-21.

Fax^ (21) 28-30-91.

Item* Tab P) 247 7? 93.

Fcsl: (1)24773 52.

London: TeL- 711 8364802.

Tx: 262009, Rxu 77] 2402254.
MoM TeL 564 51 12.
fax: 564 52 89.

Nmr Yorfci

T«L (Z12J 752 3BTO-

Tofl frea [800)572 721 2.
T»4271^fisx:CT7»FP»
Chkogo: TaL (312) 201-9393. '
Tdl free: 1000)5356208.
fax-- (31 H 201-9398.

HortdB TaL (407) 86W338.
Toil free: P00) 442-3216.
Fax-- (407] 8690683.
Homfan: TaL 713) 627-9930
ToH freer (800) 52WB57.

Txj 910681-6296.
faiu (7131 627-9191..

ina Ang ula r

Tolu (273)850^339.

Toflfrea: (800) 848-4739.

Tau 650311 7639.

Fosu (21 % 851-1508.

Toronle:

TeL (416) B336200.

Fac (416) 833-21 16.

FAN EAST

Hang Kong: TaL 861 0616.
Bonteok TaL 258-32-44.

TaL 25032-59.
Ftrc 260-5185

Micro: TeL 54&2S73-

Sfaddrohro TaL (08) 7172205.

FaufOq 7174611.

Tot Avtv. TeL 97263686 245.
Fax: 972-52-585 685.

TaL- (91-22) 412 2399.

Fax: (91-22) 204 4973.
Jakarta; TeL 586 077.
Karachi: Tab 526 901.
.Kotemte: TaL 221-576
Mcdoyter TaL 717-0724.

Fax: 717-5370.

Mania: TeL 817 07 49.'
Saoofr TaL (02) 734 1287.
ilngoparor TaL 2236478^.
Toharron TeL 752 4425/9.
Tokyo: TeL {03| 3201 0210.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

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Prateasiarai Notnnee. Ful AcasiMkp am
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As a result of frustrated
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Telephone: +44 81 756 1616
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PST (Trading) Lid, Stock ley Park
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• U.K. LTD £120

• U.K. PLC (395

• BAHAMAS £495

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e w. SAMOA £450

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tt provides contort for these Incfcjsfrta! workers who have
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It is of priceless vdue, as proven by tens of thousands of
Industrial waters h Gerrncny, where when used has
promoted hdusMous, zedaus and enlhuriasttc perfor-
mance. an Increase In productivity, happier employees -
empkneis hermony. reduoed aosenfeeism and other

Used fcr example, at the arthopaedc department of 1
Clnlc as a tratnina aid fa the restcruttor c4 sfrengl
nudes and vertebrae, tt has been shown to Improve
time, to prevent overtrain in the leg aid spinal i
atoopaedc patients In Germany using It succasfufiy

THE WKASwSaD RANGE B A QBMAN PRODUCT AM) NUB4IS WORLD TOE

MASTER FRANCHISES
BODY REFORM SHOPS

Hatuml Bonay Aoduos l«t roeiaibxXisro
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A Cototact Aha Laaa
Fax UL+ 44 556 650456
Td UK: + 44656 766566

72 New Bond Strwl London W1Y TOO
Tet.. 07 1 355 10Se Fax.Q7T49S3017

DIAIIA BEAN or PAU1JB8E KHOO

24 Raffles Place. 2frC5 Cattord Centre
SnaaporeOlOi

Tel - (55) 5353382 Fax. (65) 5353991

STELLA HO

Mutatitnson House, 10 Haroourt Rood.
Hong Kong.

Tat. 852 52201 72 Fax 852 521 1 1 90

KEVMIBUCn

Attorney at Law,

2121 Avenue ol the Stars. Sixth Floor.
Los Angstes. CA 90067 U.S A
k Tel (1)310551 6682 Fax. {1)31 0551 6686 j
AI crecSi Cards accepted A

UntUttwendaf1991.martetlngeflcrtswgeconca n lTaludwt1hlnGeiTTiany.But
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efforts fcr Dido products, os well as you financial crxxtoBty to

KELMER - BRiracilABIN COMPANY INC.

GERMAN BRANCH, KURT>6CHUHRUCHER4MMM 1,

FAX: 49541 432167, TEL: 49541 43886.

U.K. & OFFSHORE
COMPANIES
FROM £95

Ready Male or Own Chalet: of Fne

U.K. LTD £95

U.K. PLC £109

IRISH (Non-Res) £165
DELAWARE £105

COLORADO £105

B.V.I. ££05

BAHAMAS £295

PANAMA £295

— FHECAMCfTY OFFERED —

pon co-op ou nv E cos — m toi i wowo
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to ISUW hours par yav.
raRtMfmmrxtMs. h£ase contact

nrnrrm i mi rouw w in

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Free advice, taabare. aane check.

KIDNAP!

Are you concerned wfih Pw threat o< Kidnap
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ransom? The wxtfs only agoctofests In Kid-
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Ml

■ |HMI

KARl Corporation
U.S. Tel.: 301-696-0688.
—Fax: 301-696-0690.—

To let Prestigious

4700m" refsIBal Building

ideal for banking premises

For Information:

^ GEROFINANCE

^ 7. rue Robert-Oe-Traz Tel. Q22/47 5544 Ft

1206 Geneva

022/47 55 44 Fax 022/47 61 50

E * NQMNSS * XDMNSTOXnON H

* TRUSTS * consuuwcr ■

SPUE SaMPlE PtoCCS ■

BUSH £J7B m ISLE OF MAM £1 95
H- nW A8W 439 S m BAHAMAS £33S
II aGF,mMFWHOusc.aannmErfr.

I tag cH&au,uMDON.smaNj,uK ro

XATIOXAL i'RSEI’i iONE:

0800 26 26 62

FOR SALE

GENEVA - SWITZERLAND

Substantial, dynamic, privately owned
UK manufacturing engineering company,
in energy related field,
sustaining increasing growth.

£ 80 million Sterling sales and £ 10 million
Sterling pre-tax profits.

80% production exported worldwide
mainly through wholly owned
international branches.

For sale

Locally renowned fitness Group,
Net annual profit-earning capacity
20%, sfr. 7 mio investment.

Write under cypher M 118714 ,
PUBLIC3TAS. CH-1211 GENEVA 3.

- OFFSHORE COMPANIES^
INSURANCE COMPANIES
BANKS

EstabTohed 10 years In proving
offshore services to axnpanfes
engaged in as types of businesses

USA - JackeonviHe, Florida
For sale new retail bnildmg

Price : USD 3 , 000,000

Tenant : Wnm-Efane Stores Inc.

Lease Tenn : 20 yer - six five-year options

nUPLENET

Rad : 1 % d tenant’s turnover.

mini mom USD 279,300 pa

Minim um ret miL 93%

Financing : USD 2 ^ 50,000 at 8 . 75 % svsdlaUe

Servicea : local pnqieity management, tax and legal advira hy

OTHER INTERESTING OFreRS IN OUR SALES PROGRAMME

Oriow larunxyita ftTVuLid. Qttelaretf mtroABlu aataB^far** (Vp

15, rue dn Ccadrier. 1211 Grara L 5«imkud 200, S. Bbcxrne BW, IGxoL Ha 33131-ajssj
Tet +41-22-7324805 - Fac +41-32-7314491 Tet +W0M71430Q - Fax: +l-3653^5»

Financing

Services

Fax: UK 624 625126
or London
TeLs)71l 2228866
sFw(7li 233 1519a

INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISE OPPORTUNITIES

Information from the Managing Director
to principals only.

WORK/LIVE IN THE U^A

Ihe in US entrance, business visas and

and advise on employment and accommodation.

Box number 168,
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Calls charged at 36 p/mm cheap 48 p/ntin all other times

CaB duration 9 mins: UK 71 323 2722
The Leading fate m a rto nal liumi gr ati on/Vba SpacteftrtB

Meal HIWDRHJS of franchise companies ai the

FOR SALE

IN ATHENS/GREECE

Fully furnished luxury office 170 bg m
airport proximity in Glyfada with greenery 'Sar sea.

shm hirilrtlnn uMn walfcW, -< J ,,war S ** a -

Invwtmenl levels from under $10,000 to over
SlOralfein. Exhibflors seek new fnxndilse
ownen ol over USA and around Hie wwid.

INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISE ASSOCIATION

Expo Division, Fax (407} 628-2042

ImmettiatB deBvsry upon request

PrfcaU.S.$410,000.-

Funher inquiries eSroct to owners at

ALPEX Ltd/Athens - Tel.: (301 ) 8942170
Fax: (301 ) 8942906 - Tlx? 226315*21
AflW: Mr. Zografos* ' °

Ce nm muif dfa

biUeben,

I^WfctomBdiore.

We are looking for:

LAMINATED PANELS

27 MM, PU-OOATED
SITE : 0 50 x 2.50 meters

ANNUAL TOTAL QUANTITY
500 000 m 1

1 OIVERY IN PARTIAL SHIPMENTS

WTTH IMMEDIATE BEGINNING

SVWSSTBADWGHOUSESEEHNG

CONS0MEB GOODS

far export to CLS./amtlnuous Barter
Bfe kxfeng tor pasrsanent suppBers ex
sod. MBiTOCUse or uflh ferod ttme max 2
months ■ oorrpstttiw/ low nrfeed but st9
solid, natural and orthdol fibre W com-
pound riotfans ns^uomtoi/dddren;
sitits, jackets normal and padded (utter),
costumes, shirts, blouses, coats, pastes,
anoraks uteer and sumrer, awatos.

in MonacO

YOUR FULLY EQUIPPED OFFICE
WITH MULTILINGUAL SERVICES

Serviced London Office
Bbfe on Short Lionet

ADRATAG

Oitnostrasse 33, CH-4663 Aarixirg
FAX: +41 62/41 39 84 or 41 38 73
TELEX CH 981 800

Loahtng os wefl for OertrlaJ/Eteorontcs]
Qqutom., housdiold appbncos, stereo,
i3», TV - Brand named or u«B mown

Attractive fuHy tumished office

rn the Gty.

Min: 200 salt Max: 700 sq.ft.

Use of Conference Room,
dedtoated teiephane/fax lines.
Car parking space available.
Underground station adjacent
Very cornpetifivdy priced!
TaL- UK 71 490 4113

names.

TKL Swift. +41 S3 248M7,

PB0KE Svrib. +41 53 242130 HI 897121

Lc Concord*' 11, ruo du Gabiarv
MC 98OC0 MONACO
I TEL. (33| 92 05 03 50 • FAX (301 92 05 03 :

'J*

Regus

• Elegantly Furnished Offices

• Secretarial Support

• Conference Facilities

I Telephone Answering Service

• Company Representation

• flexible Lease Terms

TELEPHONE: "-SZ 2 535 7806

oita imm ci» io»> ■cmesim ww*liiy

I ^i k-jli-n.'iA mm dlc-rnip ( xiiu^ivi

limSuri:'- tlinxij'fli HsinlBin.il md iiUit
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J»«n »lul nmhl b- A

iIh- lullin' Vi-AT n*

utxwmsA

PERMANENT U.S. VISA

30,000 green card packages «a
now avmable tor 1992. Deacffine is
Wednesday. June 10th. 1992. All
successful applicants wB recave
permoienf readency visa tor USA.
Send name, address and country
of origin, with an intemattona
money order of 5200 (US. dollars}
to cover p rocessing fees to:
'■Green Card"

BwMUCT PD p T fal lll l

1875 Certkiry Parit EaS, Suite 5200
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ADVERTISING SEPT i nxT

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

Page 11

ADVERTISING SECTION

IVRTIZRTION

IN EASTERN GERMANY

joking Stock of the Treuhandanstalt :
Une Agency, Many Different Roles

mamhF^iirin^ 1011 ? 5 ’ Treuhandanstalt has privatized some 5,500
31141 SCTvice companies and nearly 15,000 retail out-

KstaSSp X< 5 1)1111011 Deutsche marks ($62.5 billion) in
investment m Eastern Germany and guaranteeing over 1 million jobs.

TT» Treuhandanstalt is also one
of Germany’s largest and most
innovative finance houses. Its
commercial paper program, led
by Paul Hadrys, will raise some
30 billion DM this year and was
recently awarded the highest
honors by the International Fi-
nancial Review. After surveying
thousands of sites and applying

hundreds Of laws reg ulating

pollution and waste cleanup,
the Treuhandanstalt's special-
ists are in demand as environ-
mental experts and conference
leaders. The Tre uhanrianq tah
has successfully clarified tens of
thousands of restitution claims;
its lawyers have helped advance
the implementation of Germa-
ny’s laws on property rights.
The Treuhandanstalt is active in
East European trade and East
German social security com-
pensation; it holds equity in 250
job-creation programs.

In terms of raw numbers, the
privatization of Eastern Germa-
ny is at the halfway point, but
the Treuhandang*nlf 15 actually
much further along than that
Nearly all the rest of the compa-
nies still in its care now have
comprehensible Western-style
balance sheets and have been
fitted from crushing debt loads;
most have carried out environ-
mental assessment and person-
nel adjustment plans.

Most important, the agency
can now avail itself, in the
words of its president, Birgit
Braid, of “a unique know-
how” in die privatization and
• selling of -its remaining compa-
nies.

Two years ago, very little was.
known about privatization in
East Germany except that it
was a desperate necessity. Ev-
eryone was well aware of the
prohibitive economic and envi-
ronmental inefficiency of the
country's 270 Kombinate (verti-
cally integrated public-sector
holding companies) and 8,000
VEBs (individual economic
units); no one knew even where
to begin with the transforma-
tion process.

One wonderfully simple idea
was to transform the Kombin-
ate into joint-stock companies

by affixing Lhe suffix “AG”
(Aktiengesellschaft) to their
corporate names and to set up
East Germany’s citizens as their
shareholders. This was the pre-
mise of a March 1, 1990 direc-
tive by the Modrow regime set-
ting up a “Treuhandanstalt,” or
trust agency, “to administer the
people’s property” and to shep-
herd the ex-Kombinale toward
the private sector.

Understaffed and uncertain

markets fell apart overnight;
the Treuhand came up with 25
billion DM in credit guarantees
to equip the newly converted
companies with working capi-
tal These companies started
out their new lives owing 70
billion DM to East Germany's
central banks. To stabilize the
entire East German financial
system, the Treuhandanstalt as-
sumed responsibility for the
debts.

PRIVATE SECTOR, PUBLIC FIGURES

■ 5,500 companies have been privatized.

■ 1 million jobs in the private sector have been created by the Treuhand in 18
months.

M Over $90 bO soo in investment has been committed to Eastern Germany.

■ 700 real-estate parcels have been sold by the Treuhand for $1.1 bOfion.

■ 80 percent of the retail sector in Eastern Germany has been sold to East
Germans.

■ 250 non-German companies have invested S6L57 bOfioa in Eastern Germany.

■ 30GJKK) viable companies have been founded in Eastern Germany sinr*
November 1989.

.j

how to proceed, the initial Treu-
handanstalt did not get very far.
On June 17, 1990, East Germa-
ny’s parliament passed a law
reconstituting the Treuhandan-
stalt. The revamped agency was
entrusted with the Kombinate
and VEBs, as well as the hold-
ings of the Stasi, the East Ger-
man army and a variety of other
official and semiofficial organi-
zations. All told, 40 percent of
the . country's surface and 50
percent of its work force was
put in the Treuhand’s care. The
new agency was given a simple
mandate: to build a private sec-
tor in East Germany and secure
the livelihoods of four million
people.

On July 3, 1990, the Treu-
hand's new managing board
was ceremoniously convened
for the first time. It was the last
peaceful moment the agency
was to know for some time.

The Treuhandanstalt was
supposed to privatize some
8,000 companies, but first it had
to keep them in business. The
all-important East European

The Treuhandanstalt was
supposed to sell its companies,
but first it had to find out what
state they were in. Factory by
factory, the Treuhandanstalt
saw to the cataloguing of stocks,
products, acreage, staff number
and customers. In the course of
the Treuhand’s nationwide in-
ventory, East German corpo-
rate liabilities became more and
more apparent: lakes of toxic
chemicals, inflated staffs, man-
agers picked for political loyalty
rather than business compe-
tence and a lack of accounting
and marketing slrin*. Potential
assets remained unknown.

The Treuhand’s hardest job
was to find personnel to handle
all of these tasks. Agency policy
is to recruit East German staff
members; finding candida t es
free of past political entangle-
ments and blessed with innate
business sense has been a long
and not always easy process.

West Germans are, as a rule,
highly immobile. The pioneex-

Continued on page 12

How the Transformation Works, or
Four Ways Into the Private Sector

It happens some two dozen times a day. A company goes from the
public to the private sector, from the Treuhand’s stewardship to
corporate or individual ownership. If the owners are new to the
company, the transaction is termed “privatization”; when the compa-
ny is going back to its original owners, it is called “reprivatization.”

Most companies have a centu-
ry-old industrial tradition that
includes 40 years as part of a
VEB (Volkseigener Betrieb, sin-
gle economic unit) or Kombinat
(vertically integrated public sec-
tor holding), and two years as a
Tmihan rfiiiri<i!t alt trustee.

During the two years, the
Treuhandanstalt has reconfi-
gured the company into an in-
dependent, coherent business,
audited its assets and liabilities,
surveyed its land and helped it
set up its corporate accounts. drawn from four main sources. “They face the same difficul-
The Treuhand has also clarified Frequently, the new owners ties as any other newly founded
restitution claim s in numerous aTe die company's executives, company,” says Treuhand Pres-
cases and freed the company a management buyout the ident Birgit Breuel, describing
from the crushing debts the :ear- new entrepreneurs tend as a the often difficult rite of pas-
tier regime inflicted cm. its mdi- matter of course and of Treu- sage for the MBOs. Those that
vidua! economic units. More- hand policy to be East German, succeed in mastering their mar-
over, it has provided the Their companies are generally kets will form, in the words of
incipient company with work- gmau — more than 50 percent Hero Brahms, vice president:
mg capital, first in the form of Q f die 900 MBOs already set up “Eastern Germany’s Mitlel-
liquidity credit and then as have than 20 employees — stand.”

Joans guaranteed by the Treu- and are in the construction, ser- West Germans have long
hand with outside banks. .vice, machine budding and spe- held in high regard the innova-

y_ emulative steo. at trade dalty engineering sectors. Ven- live, adaptive powers of the
faira al/civer die worij bankers' ture capital funds and public- Miltelstand, the squadrons of
Pmnt fnrt and Tokyo and private-sector holding com- small and medium-sized com-
nr f, i^the F ^TOMy , s factories panies are the new entrepre- panies strategically clustered in
Self, it has found the compa- neurs’ partners and providers of Continued on page 13

ny^ new owners. These are capital. y *

t-\..T.vv '.7«5» ,

-t

S' "-

“They face the same difficul-
ties as any other newly founded
company,” says Treuhand Pres-
ident Birgit Breuel, describing
the of tan difficult rite of pas-
sage for the MBOs. Those that
succeed in mastering their mar-
kets will form, in the words of
Hero Brahms, vice president:
“Eastern Germany’s Mitlel-
stand.”

West Germans have long
held in high regard the innova-
tive, adaptive powers of the
Miltelstand, the squadrons of
small and medium-sized com-
panies strategically clustered in

Continued on page 13

Two years ago, the Treuhand
was still in the planning stages.
Two years from now, if the pre-
sent rate of privatization is
maintained, the vast majority of
its work wW already be com-
pleted Where is the Treuhand
now?

In terms of privatization, at
the halfway poinL We’ve priva-
tized some 5,500 companies; we
are stQl administering 5,800
others. We’ve been adhering to
a very rapid pace, and for a very
good reason. We believe that
the people working at our com-
panies have the right to know
what the future holds for them,
who their ultimate employers
will be. The way we’ve been
able to achieve this speed is by
using a wide range of restructur-
ing methods, including manage-
ment buyouts or management
participation models. Our goal

‘What we have to share
is our new expertise 9

is to conclude this aspect of our
operations within two, three or
perhaps four years.

Looking back over the past
two years, what has the Treu-
hand learned about how to im-
plement a privatization pro-
gram?

One area that provided us
with a good dose of “education”
was the real-estate question. At
the beginning, we weren’t com-
pletely aware of how large our
companies’ property holdings
were. We had to learn that po-
tential buyers could display a
great interest in taking over a
company, while in reality only
being interested in the compa-
ny’s real estate. Once we real-
ized what was afoot, we quickly
passed new laws and separated
out nonessential [to the compa-
nies' operations] real estate
from the companies themselves.
We wrote performance guaran-
tees into our contracts with buy-
ers and made sure they were

adhered to.

There was a striking accelera-
tion in the number of compa-
nies being privatized in 1991. Is
this a reflection of an underly-
ing change in policy?

It is directly related to our
increasingly sophisticated
knowledge about the privatiza-
tion process — and what was to
be privatized. After all, when we
stalled out with privatization,
we didn't know what exactly we
were responsible for. There
weren’t even any reliable lists of
the thousands of companies we
were entrusted with. As far as
property goes, we’re still busy
surveying and registering it.
Throughout the initial phase,
we formulated our basic operat-
ing policy: our companies' fu-
ture — and that of their em-
ployees — would be better
consigned io the private sector.

Our privatization know-how
may very well be unique. We
can now avail ourselves of ev-
erything from standardized
contracts to the services of ad-
justers. tax advisers and man-
agement consultants. They have
all become privatization spe-
cialists in their respective fields.
These specialists have learned
with us and learned from us.

Are there aspects of this de-
velopment process that could be
applied to other countries?

In the sense of a finished
product that could be trans-
ferred as a whole to another
country, no. Our operating pa-
rameters — Germany’s legal
system and its hard currency —
are unique. What we do have to
share is our new expertise, and
that's precisely what we're do-
ing. We will hold a conference
on privatization in Berlin at the
end of March. We’ve invited
experts and governmental rep-
resentatives from the various
East European countries to at-
tend. We've told them: “Here
are our books, take a look at
them and see if there’s anything
that could be of use to you.”
Furthermore, we have decided

w ■'

Sparking new growth in the steel industry.

Once (he Task Has Been Completed,
Know-How Will Still Be for Sale

Birgit Breuel, 54, was elected to Hamburg’s city-state parliament in
1970. In 1978 she was named minister for economic affairs and
transport of the state of Lower Saxony. From 1986 to 1990, she
served as the state’s finance minis ter. Mrs. Breuel has been a member
of the executive board of Treuhandanstalt since October 1990 and
president since April 13, 1991. Here she discusses the agency’s task.

to found a consulting company raj*
targeted at privatization ques- g
tions and Eastern Europe. The ff|
new company will be an inde- 3
pendent private-sector entity.
Privatization has been coming
along so well that quite a few of S
our staff members will be con- ||
eluding their activities at Treu- pi*
hand this year. The new compa- ^
ny will be a place where they |§j

30% of applications axe g|
from outside Germany H

can continue to use their exper- 8
rise. |p

At last count, some 250 non-
German companies had invest- |||
ed more than 10.5 billion Deut - Py
sche marks [$6.57 billion J in |||
Eastern Germany. What pat- |||
terns can you discern in interna- 111
tional investment in the region? |||
Let me first say something |1|
about those figures. They only
include direct investment by |g|
non-German companies. For |g|
instance, investment by IBM |||
Germany would not be includ- fjm
ed in that figure, nor would the
Opel [a GM subsidiary] project
in Eisenach. Secondly, interna- S
tional investment took longer to
develop because we weren't in Jp
the position to do much market- |&|
ing abroad at the outset, for a
very simple reason: we didn’t Ip
know what we were selling. Our W®
international marketing really MM
began in April and May 1991. |||
West German companies had S]
traditionally been active in the Wm
East, and they therefore had K||
their own sources of informa-
rion and knew what they want- Iff]
ed to acquire. Today, 30 percent |||j
of all applications for our week-
ly tenders come from outside H#
Germany. We are interested in |||
securing interna rionaJ invest- fill
ment for the exchange of capi-
tal but also because we need
the investor’s know-how and
expertise. This is something that ||||
is also true of the Treuhand's
own staff. Quite a few non-Ger-
mans are working at Treuhand. S

M Treuhandanstalt

This advertising section was produced in its entirety by the supplements division of the
International Herald Tribune’s advertising department. Support for the section was provided by
the Treuhandanstalt as well as by the display advertiser. It was written by Terry Swartzberg, a
business journalist based in Munich.

mm

Numbers and Names

Treuhandanstalt
Deilev Rohwedder House
Leipziger Slrasse 5-7
D-O-1080 Berlin

• General information:

Tel: (49 30) 31 54 10 37
Fax:(49 30)31 54 1036

• MBI information hotline:
TeL: (49 30) 31 54 1253

• Information for investors:
TeL: (49 130) 82 84 81
(toll-free in Germany)

Fax: (49 30) 25 15 184
(information available on
floppy disk)

• Central tender office:

Tel: (49 30)31 54 2763
Fax: (49 30)3154 26 53

TLG

Treuhand-Liegenschaf Lsge-

selLschafl rnbH

(real estate subsidiary)

Alexanderplatz b

D-CM02G Berlin

Tel: (49 30)31 54 7000

(information hotline)

Executiv e Board
Birgit Breuel. president
Hero Brahms, vice president
Kia us- Peter Wild
Gilmer Rexrodt
Wolf R. Klinz
Hans Kramer
KJaus Schucht
Alexander Koch
Wolfram Krause

Jens Odewald.

chairman of the supervisory

board

5 *

P&gel2

ADVERTISING SECTION

EVfERNATtONAL HERA i n TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

ADVERTISING section

For Foreign Investors,
A New Playing Field

It was a modest announcement that barely made
January’s financial pages in Germany and Britain:
‘‘English water company takes over Halle’s
UTAG ” Neither the size of the purchase — a
guaranteed investment of 16 million Deutsche
marks ($10 million) — nor its sector (water supply
and sewage system engineering) lent itself to front-
page headlines.

Bigger and, at first glance, much
more important international trans-
actions were occurring at the same
time. A consortium led by France's
Elf Aquitaine had launched a suc-
cessful 5 billion Deutsche mark bid
for a package of Eastern Germany's
refineries and gas stations, the sec-
ond-largest single investment in the
former Co mmunis t country. After a
hard-fought battle, Italy's Riva
group had secured control of the
Hennigsdorf steel- manufacturing fa-
cilities in Brandenburg. Another
French-led consortium was planning
to turn DEFA, Germany's onetime
“Hollywood in Berlin,” into a “Me-
dia City Babelsberg” complete with

through Western Germany-based
subsidiaries, to about one-quarter of
total investment The f inal, cumula-
tive effect: an East German econom-
ic landscape populated by a wide
variety of “fusion” companies: Brit-
ish capital funds financing Dresden-
managed construction companies.
West German and Swedish manag-
ers working with East German brew-
ers and American beverage compa-
nies setting up East German-owned
franchisees.

In investment and jobs
guaranteed, France leads

a Film Studio Theme Park, broad-
cast facilities and luxury apartments.

But Tham es Water PLCs acquisi-
tion of Eastern Germany’s largest
environmental services company
(whose full nam e is Mitteldeutsche
Wasser- und Umwelttechnik AG),
like those of Gfcnfcrale des Eaux, Ly-
onnaise des Eaux-Dumez and Bon-
neville Pacific, a Sait Lake City pow-
er company now b uilding a plant to
supply the East German city of
Frankfurt an der Odor with electric-
ity on an operator-lease arrange-
ment, have a greater underlying im-
portance. A good portion of Eastern
Germany’s “public goods” — its wa-
ter, electricity, waste disposal and
possibly even its railroads — will be
provided by non-Germans and fi-
nanced through innovative publio-
and private-sector partnerships.

The foreign presence in this field
ranges from the massive and predict-
able — a 1.8 billion DM business
park and leisure-time facility being
built by Horsham, a Canadian real-
estate developer in the state of Bran-
denburg — to the unusual and in-
triguing: a Swiss corset , 9 ompap.y,.
Egli & Co., bought an East Goman
counterpart. Format Miederwaren
GmbH. As one might expect France
leads in both investment rankings
(jobs guaranteed and total amount),
with Switzerland, Britain, Italy, Aus-
tria and the United States also plac-
ing in the top six.

Foreign investment is growing
rapidly. Some 8.5 billion DM was
invested in the East by non-Germans
in 1991, a doubling of the previous
year’s figure. This year’s total is set to
break last year’s record by early sum-
mer, taking total non-German own-
ership in Eastern Germany, includ-
ing direct investment and that done

The causes of this synthesis, ac-
cording to Wolf Schfide, director of
press and communications at Treu-
hand, are both practical and psycho-
logical “The Treuhand is employing
an Anglo-Saxon type pragmatism:
Try it, and if it works, do it again,”
says Mr. Schdde. “There’s an open,
‘Go East’-type mentality investors
feel comfortable with.” Hero
Brahms, vice president of Treu-
hand's executive board, endorses this
view, seeing a “psychological match”
between such “creative privatization
programs” as management buy-ins
and forward-looking finance houses
and consultants in London and New
York. These include Goldman Sadis
and Price Waterhouse, which have
been busy facilita ting Treuhand's in-
ternational marketing activities, and
County NatWest Wood Mackenzie,
which has set up such venture capital
funds as the East German Invest-
ment Trust.

Conveying this influx of invest-
ment to Exfurt, Cottbus and Rostock
is a “chain of awareness.” It starts
with the ubiquitous “Treuhandan-
stalt: Tender for the sale of...” week-
ly advertisements. These staples of
the world’s major newspapers give
potential investors an initial briefing
on some three-dozen companies be-
ing offered to the highest bidder. The
Treuhand has set up offices in 20
leading financial centers. At these
offices, investors are given further,
more detailed information on indi-
vidual propertiestand on the ins and
outs of successful privatization bids.
Then conies the salesmanship phase.
This can occur on the investor’s
home ground in the form of a delega-
tion of top Treuhand officials (Birgit
Breuel’s sales skills recently won her
an accolade in the British press for
being a “highly capable arm-twist-
er”) or can take place on-site in one
of the Treuhandanstalt’ s 15 adminis-
trative regions or at central head-
quarters in Berlin.

The upshot? The percentage of
non-German responses to the weekly
Treuhand tender offers has risen to
nearly one-third of the total

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In Search of Realism
In the Real-Estate Market

Investment from outside Germany is providing

crucial support With the help of a French

consortium, a new Galeries Lafayette department store

Judging by three German business magazine head
lines, East German property is either a bureaucratic
nightmare, a gold mine or a long-term loser.

(above) will open in Berlin. Below \ building railway cars

in Saxony for the Polish railroad.

“The real-estate mess: 90 restitution
claims per property in East Berlin!”
reads the first headline. “Returns of
up to 1 10 percent per year from East
German real estate!” reads the sec
ond. And the third: “In five years: an
oversupply of real estate in the
East!

Which of these statements is true?

“All of them,” says Gunter Him-
stedt, head of TLG (Liegenschafts-
gesellschaft der Treuhandanstalt

these privatized companies’ suit It
set up the TLG and authorized it to
market all “property not essential for
corporate operations," the millions
of hectares of commercial land as-

signed to the individual Treuhand
companies but not used in their cur

rent operations.

... . ,3 h

F. ' W-'

24,300 land parcels
*- to be sold

To date, according to a TLG
spokesperson, some 700 parcels have
been sold at a price of nearly 1.8
billion Deutsche marks ($1.1 bp
Hon). The purchasers have commit
ted themselves to investing another
12b billion DM and to employing
some 77,000 people.

-i

- -

...

r-.T. rr.r.

mbH), the Treuhandanstalt’s real
estate subsidiary, which was founded
a year ago
For historians, lawyers or parties
to litigation, the fact that over I
million restitution claims have been
filed for property in Eastern Germa-
ny is of more than academic interest
For investors with an encyclopedic
knowledge of tax Laws and ironclad
nerve endings, Dresden and East
Berlin are musts on their East Ger-
man business itineraries. In order to
understand how a glut will probably
develop out of a legal morass, it is
first necessary to look at the history
of privatization in the East.

But this is nothing compared to
what is coming. There are reportedly
24300 more parcels to be sold, in-
cluding vast tracts once occupied by
the Stasi and the East German army,
once the restitution claims have been

cleared.

, ■; l * ^ -- -t.-

t *• r ' • * . '*

Each wave of privatization has
yielded a rationed — and apprecia-
ble — supply of real estate in Eastern
Germany. The first was the result of
“recommunalization,” the Treu
hand's return of property to the mu-
nicipalities and regions from which it
had been confiscated by the East
German government Many of these
properties, including the ones that
have never passed out of local con-
trol — became the listings in the
“little red books," the ample real-
estate catalogues published by each
state government.

Some 5300 companies have been
privatized in Eastern Germany.
With restitution, environment and
debt claims clarified each of these
companies can to a varying degree be
a factor on the real-estate market
Collectively, these companies consti
tule the second wave. Depending on
the length and stipulations of its
agreement with Treuhand, the new
company’s management can sell
lease part of its land or offer its real
estate in a package with its facilities
and services.

This is where Paragraph 3a comes
in. This piece of legislative common
sense was passed a year ago. Accord-
ing to Manfred Baiz. the Treuhand’s
general counsel this clause In the
general law on claims for the restitu-
tion of property stipulates that a sale
to a prospective outside investor can
be carried out if it can be shown that
the sale will result in greater general
economic benefits than the return of
the property in question to the origi-
nal owner would produce.

Treuhand Stock-Taking

Continued from page 11

To date, more than 150 Paragraph
3a decisions have been upheld by
courts of law, and hundreds more
have taken effect without being con-
tested. But it is not so much the
□umber of Paragraph 3a decisions
that makes the clause such a power-
ful weapon, but the simple fact that
it exists, and that litigators know that
it can be brought to bear. More im-
portant, the idea that restitution, like
any right in a democratic society,
should be delineated by the common
good is providing the overwrought
East German real-estate market with
a badly needed dose of realism.

mg era of the Wirtschaftswunder of
the 1950s is long gone. In its place is
a society that abhors the unpleasant
and unforeseeable. Two years ago,
East Germany had plenty of both, a
strong disincentive for managers
who had methodically built their ca-
reers on handling “doable” chal-
lenges.

Nevertheless, the Treuhandan-
stalt, by appealing to both patriotic

Year Three has gotten off
to an auspicious start

This last variation, often designat
ed as a “technology park.” is popular
in Eastern Germany’s microelec-
tronics industry. Like their more es
tablished counterparts in the West
electronics producers in Jena, Sara
merda and Dresden have been strug
gling with the “cost scissors”: rapidly
dropping unit prices on the one
hand, rapidly rising need for invest
! ment capital on the other. With mod
1 em facilities and skilled personnel to
■ go along with central locations, the
i producers have had a measure of
i success in attracting Western inves-

Then came the third wave. A year
the Treuhand decided to follow

As the years go by and the legal
costs mount, restitution claims will
turn into a sideshow, a compendium
of petty wars of legal attrition, with
little relevance to the full-fledged
East German property market.

This is built into the riming of the
disinvestment provisions contained
in the Treuhand’s contracts with in-
vestors. Investors are generally com-
pelled to retain their new company’s
assets, including real estate, for a
certain period of time, generally five
to seven years. Asset sales can only
take place within certain limits.

In three years, the first companies
privatized by the Treuhand will be
able to dispose of their assets as they
see fit Observers expect an immedi-
ate leap in the amount of real estate
on the market, driving down often
inflated property prices and allowing
the Treuhand, which is bound to
offer its property to both prospective
investors and restitution claimants at
fair market value, to lower its real
estate tariffs.

and pecuniary instincts, managed ro
assemble a corps of 5,000 veteran
Western “company doctors” to bead
its 15 regional offices and East Berlin
headquarters.

Guiding the Treuhandanstalt
through its learning year was the
leader of this unprecedented “man-
agement transfer" Detlev Rohwed-
der. Mr. Rohwedder, who had suc-
cessfully handled one of West
Germany’s major corporate rescues

— that of Dortmund's Hoesch AG

— first served as the agency’s man-
aging board chairman. In August
1990, he assumed the position of
president of the executive board. Mr.
Rohwedder was assassinated by ter-
rorists on April 1, 1991. He was
succeeded by Birgit Breuel a Treu-
hand director who had helped imple-
ment Mr. Rohwedder's policy of
rapid privatization.

The Treuhandanstalt. bustles
along at a pace untypical of German
official life. One reason may be the
nonstop spate of late-breaking
events emanating from a society in
transition. Another could be a reflec-
tion of its directors' international
“let’s get it done now" orientation.

Take Wolf R. Klinz, the director
responsible for rescuing Eastern
Germany's electronics industry. Mr.
KJinz was born in Vienna, went to

school in Germany, did his graduate
studies in Paris and Vienna, started
his career in London, and worked in
the United States, Germany, Franca
and Switzerland before coming to
the Treuhandanstalt in 1 990.

The Treubandanstalt’s accom-
plishments become even more re-
markable considering the time span
involved. It was only in the second
year of operations that internal in-
frastructure — adequate staffing,

telephones, computer facilities

was finally brought up to normal
standards. For all intents and pur-
poses, the agency’s international out-
reach is only 18 months old.

Moreover, the Treuhandanstalt is
an integral part of a society that is
itself going through a wrenching
modernization. The agency’s part-
ners the state and city govern-
ments and their business develop-
ment agencies — are four months
younger than the Treuhandanstalt
East German courts have been strug-
gling with both staffing probleS
and floods of cases.

Year Three has gotten off to an
auspiaous start with major sales in
the chemical and steel-manufactur-
ing sectors. Year Four should feature
the last major privatization push. By

h e *??* -°* !" 5, “operative
phase On the words of Birgit
Breuel) in the life of the Treuhan-
danstalt may well be over.

'■?* age f lc y’ s 3,800 staff
members win no doubt take thdr
mynad skills to Eastern German^
pnvate sector to help the 1 1 nonSL,
companies through the

solidahon and growth phases,

For others, the task will
With the Treuhand
hundreds of thousands of
ManfredBalz.

al counsel, and his staff have sSl
hems of work ahead. genera ~

“I don't suppose I'll be there to see
it, but n will definitely be a lawv*r
who will turn off the UghLs
hand.” says Mr. Bd* 11 31 Treu '

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•Taking _

ADVERTISING SECTION

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

Page 13

advertising section _

In Order to Create More Jobs,

First Create the Em ployers

In its first year and a half of full operation, the Treuhandanstalt has
cwted 1 mflJion. jobs in the private sector. “Greenfield” investments
of 30 billion Deutsche marks ($18.75 billion) by the private sector in
“Stem Germany produced another 400,000 jobs. Some 750,000 East
Germans are reported to be gainfully self-employed.

These figures are notable not
only for their raw size — after
all, the East German work force
is 8 million strong — but
far their possible long-term im-

- pact on the East German econ-
'.■omy. aind what they say about
..-tbe-TYeuhand's efforts to sell
■. itself out of business.

•In October 1990, when the

- Treuhand was given its full leg-
. islative mandate to privatize the

New companies soon
started adding staff

East German economy, half of
.. the region’s workers were em-
ployed in the agency’s compa-
zines. Today, with privatization
-Jn ah advanced stage, the figure
is 22- percent and falling,.

The unemployment figure for
. Eastern Germany, on the other
: hand, has been rising rapidly.
..This closely watched figure
masks the fundamental change
in East German employment.

According to a recent study
by the authoritative financial
daily Handelsblatt, total unem-
ployment and underemploy-
ment (including people partici-
pating in further t rainin g and
job-creation programs) has de-
clined by 300.000 since July
1991. This trend reflects the
first workings of the famed mul-
tiplier effect.

companies to seven in the high-
tech industries.

The multiplier effect, of
course, does not make its pres-
ence felt overnight. Even in to-
day’s Eastern Germany, it takes
more than a year to plan and
construct a factory and months
to build up a core of customers.
The lag between German unity
and a turn in the tide of under-
employment was nine months;
this year’s several-thousand-
strong crop of new companies
and facilities could be making
their contribution by the begin-
ning of 1993.

The biggest variable is the
multiplier effect associated with
public-sector investment Some

78 billion DM, or over 40 per-
cent of Eastern Germany's 1991
GDP, was devoted to improv-
ing the area's roads, telephone
lines and “human resources*’ —
a regional and national record.

Exactly when the return on
this investment will be felt by
both employers and employees
is unknown. But one immediate
effect can be reported. Accord-
ing to a Late-February survey by
Munich’s authoritative Institut
fftr Wirtschaf tsforschung, a ma-
jority of East German industrial
enterprises view the future with
confidence, a sentiment only a
declining percentage of West
German companies was willing
to avow.

Skills honed in
Eastern
industry can be
retooled for
Western-style
business. Here,
testing

Unemployment is up because baroscopes at
nominal employment programs
are being phased out De facto Jenootik.
unemployment is actually down ^

a third since March 1991, when
it crested at nearly 3 million.

There are now some 6,000
industrial, 14,800 retail and per-
haps 300,000 trade and service-
based new companies in East-
ern Germany. These soon
started adding on staff. Studies
have quantified this multiplica-
tion factor at various- levels:
from 25 jobs for every addi-
tional person employed by
large-scale manufacturing com-
panies to three for small service

Four Ways Into the Private Sector

Continued from page 1 1

the high-tech manufacturing
and services sector.

Not that East Germany did
not have a kind of Mittelstand
of its own. The Kombinate,
nominally huge, unified entities,
were in fact agglomerations of
often higjhly independent units,
each staffed by managers gifted
at coping with the dictates of a
centrally planned economy.
East Germany's leading posi-
tion in the East bloc stemmed
directly from the skills of these
manager s in improvising solu-
tions.

Further, despite aD the up-
heaval and uprooting in Eastern
G erman y over the last half cen-
tury, that; was remarkable staff
continuity in the companies lo-
cated in Zwickau, Jena, Leipzig
and the other great industrial
cities in the East.

The emerging East German
industrial Mittelstand consists
of these managers, briefed in
Western-style marketing and
accounting, and their compa-
nies. Its retail counterpart is
made up of 14.800 restaurants,
retail outlets, cinemas and tour-
ist facilities, once state-owned,
now privatized and sold (in 80
percent of cases) to East Ger-
mans.

Some 500,000 companies
have been founded in Eastern
Germany since November
1989. The incredible profusion
of short-lived video rental shops
and fast-food restaurants has
abated, leaving an estimated
300,000 viable commercial enti-
ties! These are primarily in the
skilled trades and professions
including everything from
plumbing and electrical instal-
lation companies to auditorium
acoustic experts and organ-
turners to cosmeticians and
driving schools — and they
form another pillar of Eastern

Germany’s new economy.

In other cases, executives
from other companies perform
a management buy-in. It s
'what I would have liked Ito do
myself, be part of an ‘MB1 in
the machine building sector,
says Hero Brahms. “It’s an ana
I know, and an area which, if
given the proper direction, will

definitely be a success ’’

There are 3.500 small compa-
nies with fewer than 250 em-

ployees yet to be privatized. Mr.
Brahms lists the companies’ as-
sets: “Capital stock now ap-
proaching Western levels or
better, highly qualified person-
nel, interesting products." Li-
abilities: “A crushing lack of
markets and knowledge of how
to open them up.”

Recruited through a nation-
wide headhunting campaign
that featured advertisements
splashed across Germany’s fi-
nancial pages, the ex-managers
and new proprietors “buy into"

Treuhand stewardship
serves to pave the way

single companies, investing
their experience, time and a lim-
ited amount of capital

Mr. Brahms expects an im-
mediate, demonstrable gain
from this synergy of Western
management and Eastern in-
dustry. “By taking a few simple
steps," he says, “it’s entirely
possible to take an East Ger-
man company from 30 percent
of potential to 70 percent, and
going from 30 percent to 70
percent is a great deal easier
than what is expected from a
‘company doctor’ in the West:
taking a company from 90 per-
cent to 95 percent."

In March, the first “Manage-
ment KG" was launched. This
two-level, two-step construction
adapts the principals of an
MBO to a larger scale.

In this limited partnership,
top managers are entrusted with
a portfolio of major companies,
each with more than 500 em-
ployees. The managers’ job is to
restructure individual compa-
nies to the point where they can
be privatized, perhaps in the
form of an MBO or MBI. Their
reward is a share in the privati-
zation proceeds and in subse-
quent gains from possible

stock-market flotations.

Another option for owner-
ship is, of course; the state. State
ownership is nothing new to the
Staatliche Porzdlan-Manufak-
tur Meissen GmbH. It was
founded in 1710 by the elector-
ate of Saxony. Since 1990, it has
been owned by the state of Sax-
ony, which also has equity
stakes in some companies, air-
ports and ports.

After the completion of the
“recommunalization" program
and drawing on Western mod
els, East German states and
communities are now the ulti
mate owners of transport au
thorities, business parks and re-
gional development associates.
These, in turn, often have con-
siderable industrial and real-es-
tate holdings.

Public-sector ownership is
particularly crucial and contro-
versial when it is used to main-
tain entire sectors whose strate-
gic and regional importance
over the long run is deemed to
outweigh short-term profit and
loss accounting. In Eastern
Germany’s case, these are the
microelectronics, shipbuilding
and coal-mining industries.

Then there is the straight
takeover. The vast majority of
Treuhandanstalt privatizations
involve a very direct procedure.
A Western company acquires
an East German company from
the Treuhandanstalt for an
agreed-upon price.

But that price, as Manfred
Balz, general counsel for the
Treuhand, explains, is not only
denominated in the marks and
pfennigs transferred to the
Treuhand’s bank accounts, but
in other factors, which he cites
as the amount of money inves-
tors are willing to commit to
maintaining the company and
improving its capital stock and
products, the number of jobs
guaranteed and the nature of
planned activities.

Afterwards, to discourage
“disinvestment" by get-rich-
quick speculators, the Treuhan
danstalt monitors the new own
ers’ adherence to the promises
they made.

“More of a marriage than a
simple transaction" is how a
West German businessman de-
scribed his recent takeover of an
East German company. The
willingness of Western compa
flies to enter into long-term
business relationships has both
upfront and downstream re-
wards. The immediate benefit is
the opportunity to acquire
prime assets on advantageous
terms. A continuing benefit is
the wide range of credits, grants
and other sources of finance

available.

im

$$***¥v

Profit
from our

*• ' . . . \.xt “

in

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\ v/ . V..x

' I * »•■*■. •.•'V

V i.

mZv&jSL*}' .*■- Mi**

’>» ;,■* > •

Since the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989,
Commerzbank has channelled considerable resources
into building up an extensive branch network in eastern
Germa ny. Our strategy of establishing a comprehensive
independent presence in the new German states has
proved successful.

There are more than 80 Commerzbank branches
operating in the former East Germany. By the end of
this year, their number will have risen to between 120
and 130.

Through its active involvement in eastern Ger-
many, Commerzbank can help its domestic and inter-
national clients profit from the new opportunities in
this market.

We are particularly proud that we opted to go our
own way. Building on our experience, know-how and
extensive human resources, we made a fresh start in
eastern Germany. Yet it was also a return to our old
roots: prior to the 1940s, Commerzbank maintained
more than 160 branches in this region.

Commerzbank is ideally positioned to help you
explore and develop the tremendous potential of east-
ern Germany. Our independent approach, backed by
substantial resources, makes Commerzbank a reliable
and responsive banking partner.

COMMERZBANK Xii

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Cairo. Caracas. Chicago. Copenhagen. Dublin. Geneva. Gibraltar. Grand Cayman, Hong Kong. Istanbul Jakarta. Johannesburg.
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media markets

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41

’ t

GM Sticks With Agencies
Through Thick and Thin

By Stuart Elliott

New York Times Service

N EW YORK — Is General Motors wedded to its
advertising agencies? Facing multibillion-dollar
losses, GM has admitted that it needs to change the
way it does business, and the automaker plans to dose
21 plants and eliminate 74,000 jobs by 1995. Yet, the last time
GM dismissed one of ifg narinnn i agencies, Dwight D. Eisenhow-
er was president: In 1958, GM switched its Birick division from
the Kadner agency to McCaim-Erickson, where it has remained.

Of course, there is so proof of an inverse relationship between
the length of time an agency handles an account and the effective*
ness or creativity of its work. But in a period when GM, which
spends more fh*n 51 billion a — —

year on advertising, is radical*
ly revamping its operations
and when critics have intensi-
fied complaints about unin-
spiring advertising, will it take
seven more presidential ad-
ministrations before GM dis-
misses an agency?

“1 don’t know why they
haven’t entertained the idea of
going to smaller, more creative
gnat, senior vice president at Auto

The last time die
automaker fired one
of its national ad
agencies, Eisenhower
was president.

said Christopher Ceder-
Sc Group, an automotive
marketing and product consulting firm in Santa Ana, California.
“If I were having problems in a marketplace, I would look at all
possible avenues to develop ways of increasing my business.”
Ford last changed a U.S. agency in 1979, and Chrysler in 1987.
More recently, Ismu, Mercedes-Benz and Subaru have
changed shops for their American advertising since last summer,
while Jaguar’s account has gone into review.

In an interview, Philip Guarasdo, GM*s executive in charge of
corporate marketing and advertising in Detroit, passionately
supported the penchant of the pant automaker for decades-long
relationships with its agencies.

I N A SEPARATE interview, Richard D. O’Connor, chairman
and chief executive of Lintas CampbeH-Ewald in Warren,
Michigan, which has created Chevrolet campaigns since
1914, said that his agency worked on that account as if every day
oould be its last, rather than its 28,500th or so.

“1 don’t think we have to fire an agency to said a signal," Mr.
Guarasdo said. “We fed we’re aide to resolve issues without
resorting to that,”

He added, “You need to think about our relationships with our
agencies as living, as opposed to relationships that are static." For
instance; he said, in recent years, GM has begun “to call upon
agencies’ entire worldwide resources for what we do in the States,
rather than working with erne isolated parent agency.”

As a result, he said, “you’ve seen tremendous changes at
agencies in how they are staffed and who does the staffing. When
we think we need a fresh point of view, we can get our agencies to
bring in people who can give a point of view that’s different”
He praised campaigns by Timas CampbcD-Ewald for Chevro-
let and Geo, McCann for Buck and I/Arcy Marins Benton &
Bowles for Cadillac.

GM*s agencies also “know we’re taflring with other agencies all
the time,” Mr. Guarasdo said, explaining that GM would occa-
sionally hire other agencies for special projects. He said the
automaker also consulted with executives uke Stephen O. Frank-
furt, chairman of Frankfurt Gips BaQrind, a small New York
advertising, communications and design shop.

As for critics of GMTs advertising, Mr. Guarasdo said, “A
third are agencies looking for car accounts, a third are agencies
that had car accounts and lost them, and a third are people
whoVe never written advertising for a living.”

' Ax Lintas CampbeG-Ewald, Mr. O’Connor said he was “well
aware erf the critics of the associations that have existed between
the Detroit automakers and their agencies.”

The fact that his agency’s 78-year relati o nship with Chevrolet
“looks permanent doesn’t permeate our relationship,” he said. “I
started at this agency in 1956 and I’ve lived constantly, for almost
36 years, in fear Chevrolet would say, *We want a new agency.’ ”

CURRENCY RATES

Tokyo
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INTEREST RATES

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Key Money Rates

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Source: Reuters.

Hcralb^^gribunc.

BUSINESS / FINANCE

** WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992 Page 15

Early Birds Catching Worms

Successful Investors in East Europe Didn 9 tjust Arrive

By Tom Redbum

Inifrruitianal Herald Tribune

PARIS — When Ldk Le Flocb-Prigent, chair-
man of Bf Aquitaine, goes to Russia these days in
search of oil deals, he often Hods himself talking
with people his executives met more than a decade
ago. Long before the collapse of the Soviet Union
and the possibility that western oil companies
might be allowed to drill there, Elf was already
tending what looked like barren ground.

‘Doing business over time, even when there is
little business to speak of, counts,*' Mr. Le Flocb-
Prigeni said in an interview. “We want to be
wanted in the East. That takes patience.”

Patience is paying off. Last month, after nearly
two years of Byzantine negotiations with Soviet and
then Russian authorities, Elf became the first major
Western oil company to nail down a firm contract
far exploration and production in Russia. Within a
decade, the Frencn state-controlled company,
whose full name is Sodctfc Nationale Elf Aquitaine,
thinks it could be doing as much as 20 percent of its
business within the old Soviet empire.

Elf is not alone. Many of the pioneering big
companies active today in such countries as Hun-
gary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, or just starting
out in the new republics of the old Soviet Union,
were there long before.

Indeed, in looking to the future of Western
business in Eastern Europe, what counts most may
well be the past.

Siemens AG of Germany first put down busi-
ness roots in such outposts as St. Petersburg as
long ago as the mid-19m century. Now it wants to
revive them. The Belgian chemical giant Solvay &

Co. is se ekin g to refofge links with former subsid-
iaries in Eastern Europe that were taken over by
the state when Communists took power after
World War II. And that prototypical European
transnational corporation, ABB Asea Brown Bo-
veri Ltd!, which makes power-generating equip-
ment, is working to rebuild some of the decrepit
factories of its former licensees among the state
enterprises of Eastern Europe so they can turn out
state-of-the-art machines.

“Our past history is providing a key to our
future development," said Baron Daniel Janssen,
chairman of Solva/s executive committee. “In the
new Europe, we want to start by rebuilding the
businesses we once had.”

As the early gold rush atmosphere in Eastern
Europe fades, most of the Western quick-buck art-
ists have already left the scene. At the same time,
many leaders within the region complain, with some
justification, that they are being neglected by West-
ern business. As a result, the trad-blazing companies
that arc staying and committing investment funds
today expect to reap significant advantages over
those who follow in their wake.

ABB, for example; is already the largest Western
investor in Poland and has es tablished a si gnifican t
foothold in Hungary. Although it lost out to Sie-
mens in a bid to form a joint partnership with
Czechoslovakia’s Skoda to build electrical genera-
tors, it is working on other projects that should take
off soon as Prague's privatization plans unfold.

“It is easier to negotiate attractive deals when
you are earlier than everybody rise,” said Ebexhard
von Koerber, ABB’s executive vice president for

See PAST, Page 18

India Plans to Buy 12 Airbus Jets,
Overcoming Concerns About Safety

By Sanjoy Hazarika

New York Times Service

NEW DELHI — India is plan-
ning to buy 12 Airbus A-320 planes
For us domestic carrier, Indian Air-
lines, despite the 1989 crash erf one
such plane that killed 90 people in
India and the recent cram of an-
other in France that took 87 lives.

The purchases had been stalled
for nearly two years after an A-320
jet crashed in Bangalore. The trage-
dy triggered concern about the
safety of the planes and prompted
the government to ground all re-
maining Airbuses of that model
The decision was disastrous for
the state-run Indian Airlines,
nbich suffered heavy losses and
disruption of its schedules.

The ban on the Airbus A-320 was
lifted more than a year ago, but the

derision to buy the remaining 12
planes was stalled as officials await-
ed reports of the investigation into
the crash at Bangalore and prelimi-
nary finding * of an investigation of
the January crash in France.

The acquisitions would increase
the size of the In dian Airlines fleet
to 67 aircraft from 55. The carrier
has 18 A-320sand 11A-30QS.

Civil Aviation Minister Madhav
Rao Srindia told Parliament on
Monday there was no basis yet “for
re-e xamina tion of the airworthi-
ness of this class of aircraft" He
said the A-320s would be delivered
b 1993 and 1994 and would cost
$958 milli on.

But, he added, “certain proce-
dural directions” were issued to
crews flying A-320s, based on pre-

liminary finding s of French civil
aviation authorities investigating
the January disaster.

Investigators said in February

that Airbus Industrie should alter
some displays, although they did not
establish that confusion about them
was a cause of the crash.

A judicial inquiry into the Banga-
lore crash pointed to pilot error and
said landing facilities at In dian air-
ports were inadequate. It recom-
mended intense retraining for pilots.

■ Subsidy Talks Keep Going

The European Community and
the United States are expected to
negotiate into Wednesday in a bid
to solve a 5-year-old dispute over
aircraft subsidies, Reuters reported
from Brussels.

U.S. Tops
Ranks of
Exporters

Growth in Trade
Slows for 3d Year

Caipiled by Our Staff From Dispatches

GENEVA — The United States
overtook Germany last year as the
world’s leading exporter, regaining
a spot it last held in 1989, the Gen-
eral Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade said Tuesday.

Growth in world trade volume
slowed for the third consecutive
year, to 3 percent in 1991 from 5
percent in 1990, making a success-
ful conclusion to the long-running
Uruguay Round erf trade talks even
more important, said Arthur Dnn-
kd, GATT’s dirccior-generaL It
was the weakest growth since 1983.

the dollar value of world mer-
chandise exports rose 1 3 percent to
$333 trillion last year, the slowest
growth since 1 985. GATT said. Ex-
ports of services rose 5 percent to
5810 billion.

U.S. merchandise exports rose
73 percent to S422 billion. The
United States remained the largest
importer, despite a 13 percent de-
cline to S5 09 billion.

German expons fell 43 percent
to 5403 billion while imports rose
93 percent to S390 billion. In both
categories, Japan was third, France
fourth, Britain fifth and Italy sixth.

Aria’s newly industrialized coun-
tries had the strongest trade growth
— between 10 and 20 percent for
exports and 8 and 30 percent for
imports. The East European and
farmer Soviet economies registered
a 20 percent fall in exports and a 25
percent drop in imports, with the
former Soviet Union alone cutting
imparts by 42 perc e nt.

In another measure of UB. trade
improvement, the US government
reported that the country’s current-
account deficit, the widest measure
of trade in goods and services,
shrank to $8.62 billion Iasi year, the
smallest since a gap of $5.9 billion
in 1982. Nearly Half of the big de-
cline in the deficit, from the $92.12
billion recorded in 1990. resulted
from foreign payments to cover
Gulf War costs, the Commerce De-
partment reported.

The U.S. figures put the mer-
chandise trade deficit at $7339 bil-
lion, down from $108.12 bflfion in
1990. (AP, Reuters)

Housing, Output
Give New Signs
Of U.S. Recovery

By Lawrence Malkin

International Herald Tribune

NEW YORK — More pieces of
the budding U.S. economic recov-
ery feB into place Tuesday with the
report or February figures showing
a strong surge in housing, a pickup
in industrial production and mod-
erate consumer inflation.

The questions about the revival
were no longer whether and when,
but how strong and how long. Few
economists were prepared to alter
their consensus forecast — a soft
recovery with low inflation — on the
baas of last month's rebound

“January was probably the bot-
tom of the cycle, 4, said Brian Fab-
Ini of Midland Montagu Econom-
ics. “February saw a monstrous
rebound, but it is not likely to be
repeated We are more likely to see
more modaute gains in the coming
months.”

Financial markets also seemed io
be reacting with prudence to the
optimistic statistics. Surprisingly,
the dollar retreated from the 1.66
Deutsche mark level Dealers said
the currency market bad already
anticipated the recovery this year
by boosting the dollar about 10
percent from its recession lows.

The bond market regained confi-
dence in a low-inflation recovery,
and after an initial drop, long Trea-
sury beads strengthened as their
yields moderated. This interest-rate
stability rubbed off on the stock
market, where hhie chips shrugged
off Tokyo's persistent weakness
and boosted the Dow Jones indus-
trial average nearly 20 points.

The strongest evidence of the
UB. recovery was a gain of 9.6
percent in bousing starts on an an-
nual basis in February, the highest
reported by the Commerce Depart-
ment since March 1990. The im-
provement was spread across the
nation. January’s figure, originally
reported last month, was revised
upward Tuesday to a 6.4 percent
increase, a sign that the Federal
Reserve's aggressive easing of cred-
it in December was having the ex-
pected effect.

The February gain was concen-
trated in single-family housing, a
measure of consumer confidence
that could spread to other sectors.

New U.S. Housing

.-J*F U AIM 3 A
-Sauted OS 3,

“If you’re confident enough to buy
a bouse, youU probably be buying
furniture and nondurables," said
Robert A Brusca, head of econom-
ic research at Nikko Securities In-
ternational referring to relatively
short-lived consumer goods.

The Federal Reserve's index of
industrial production rose by 0.6
percent, the first increase in five
months. A gain of 0.8 percent in
automobile production accounted
for half the improvement in the
index. Appliances, consumer
chemicals and food were also
strong. The figures imply that the
retail pickup of the first two
months, combined with lean busi-
ness inventories, has prompted
speedy replacement orders.

At the same time, the Labor De-
partment reported (hat the con-
sumer price index rose 03 percent,
slightly more than expected as the
nation emerges from recession but
not strong enough to be worrisome
yet Excluding food and energy,
prices rose 0.4 percent but this was
Inflated by a 13 percent rise in
clothing prices.

David Resler of Nomura Securi-
ties suggested that the latter figure
was skewed by the fact that retail-
ers started their sales at Christmas
instead of February and then

See RECOVERY, Page 16

Broun Fights Slowdown
With Stylish Offerings

By Ferdinand Protzman

New York Times Service

KRONBERG, Germany —
Braun AG, which has thrived
around the world by melding its
distinctive designs with Gillette
Co.'s marketing prowess, is count-
ing an a combination of new prod-
ucts and refinements of best sellers
to cany it through ithe current glob-
al economic malaise.

Weak growth might not seem
much of a worry at first glance for
the maker of kitchen appliances

and

whi

devices. Braun,
. Gillette bought in 1967, just
reported a healthy gain in earnings
in its latest financial year.

Its sleek high-tech designs have
earned many of its electric shaven
and other appli-
ances places in the
New York Muse-
um of Modern
Art’s permanent
collection. And
Braun has a well-
regarded new
denial-care prod-
uct and a line of
electric coffee
makers that are
selling wdL

“We don’t go
on the market un
less we have a quality level well
above the competition,” said Jac-
ques Lagarde, Braun’s chairman.
“We hold to our design beliefs and
deliver real technical innovation.

“And we just don’t launch im-
mature products,” he said at
Braun’s headquarters in Kronberg,
a small town near Frankfurt.

The company nevertheless man-
ages to make its strict adherence to
functionality in design and techni-
cal innovation pay off in sales. The
latest example of that is the Braun-
On! B plaque remover.

The device is a slim electric
toothbrush with a round, tilled
bead drat rapidly rotates. World-
wide, it is Braun's hottest new
product, even at a fairly steep sug-
gested price of $107.

The plaque remover was devel-
oped jointly with Oral B Laborato-
ries, another Gillette subsidiary,
and in cooperation with dentists.

Braun said the device was the
only electric toothbrush on the mar-
ket that came dose to performing
the kind of dearungavailable from a
dentist’s equipment. It has drawn
rave reviews from dentists and users.

Braun's electric shavers, which
cost $25 to $175, are the third-besi-
seDing brand in the United States
behind Remington and Norelco.
Its coffee makers tied Mr. Coffee
for the top spot in the market lost
fall in dollar terras. But that is
partly because many of Braun’s
units, at $29 to $105, cost more
than Mr. Coffee's.

The United States is Braun's
ihird-largesi market, trailing Ger-

Giilette has
sought to give the
German company
a global presence at
the upper end of
the small-appliance
market

many and Japan. The company’s
hand-held blenders, clocks, hair-
care and dental-care products are
the top sellers in Western Europe.

When Gillette bought Braun, it
was a questionable match. Braun’s
products were little known outside
Europe and not sold in North
America.

Gillette, the Boston-based maker
of razor blades, deodorants and
other persona] -care products, was
expected to move Braun into the
mass market, downgrading the em-
phasis un design along the way.

But the opposite happened:
Braun's sleek designs became the
basis of Gillette’s strategy to give
the German company a global
presence in the middle to upper end
of the small- appli-
ance market
The strategy has
proved spectacu-
larly successful.
Braun’s sales rose
to $1.2 billion in
the financial year
that ended Sept.
30, from $69 mil-
lion in 1967. Thai
accounted for 26
percent of Gil-

leue’s sales of $4.7

billion.

Mr. Lagarde said Braun had an
advantage in being the only small-
appliaoce company selling world-
wide under one brand name.

“Look at our competitors," he
said. “Philips from the Netherlands
is known as Norelco in the United
States. Matsushita sells under the
names Panasonic and National.
Moulinex of France also sAls its
products under the Krups umi*
we are one name, Braun."

Braun’s latest line of coffee mak-
ers, called Aro master, incorp or ates
features like a lid that keeps in
aroma and prevents beat loss, as
well as a patented sensor that keeps
the coffee at a specific tempisraiure.

Ken Jautz, a television producer
in Berlin, owns a Braun travel
alarm dock and a coffee maker.
Bnt his favorite is a Braun pocket
electric razor that he takes with him
on his travels. “I’ve had it fin-
years," he said. “It's a good, com-
pact portable razor, and it has al-
ways been reliable. And I Hire the
jet-black look."

An array of Braun products line
Mr. Lagarde’s office walls. Be they
food processors, hair dryers or
docks, Braun appliances are either
jet blade or snow white, with aus-
tere, rounded lines that emphasize
function over form.

Mr. Lagarde said Braun’s profit
for the 1991 financial year was up
23 percent from the previous year’s
$1183 millm With Gillette's bal-
ance sheet weighed down with debi
accumulated warding off takeovers
in the 1980s, Braun’s earnings have
taken on added agnificance.

Banks Were Established to Protect
Depositors' Funds. It's Still
Our Most Important Mission.

T hroughout history, man
has sought to safeguard
the things he values.

It was true in the Middle
Ages, when banking insti-
tutions emerged to shelter
the wealth created by an
expanding market economy.
It’s equally true now.

Today, however, safety
isn’t a matter of having the
biggest strongbox or the
heaviest padlock. In today’s
fluid world, safety is tied to

prudent policies, a strong
balance sheet and a conserv-
ative banking philosophy.

Those are the very quali-
ties that have made Republic
National Bank one of the
safest institutions in the
world. We’re a subsidiary of
Safra Republic Holdings
S.A., with US$1.1 billion
in total capital. Our asset
quality and capital ratios
are among the strongest in
the industry. And our dedi-

cation to protecting deposi-
tors’ funds is unmatched
anywhere.

This philosophy has led to
solid growth. In the past four
years, our group’s client assets
have increased 400% and
now exceed US$8 billion.

So, while much has changed
since the Middle Ages, safety
is still a depositor’s most
important concern. And its
still our most important
mission.

REPUBLIC NATIONAL BANK
OF NEW YORK(SUISSE) SA

A SAFRA BANK

HEAD OFFICE: GENEVA - 2. PLACE DU LAC ■ 1Z(M • TEL iOJ2l 705 55 55 • FOREX l022i 705 55 50 BRANCHES: dJGAND - I. VIA CANGVA - 690 1 -
TEL l09>» 23 85 32 • ZURICH • STOCK ERSTRASSE 37 - B039 - TEL. (Oil 288 IB 18 • GUERN5EY - RUE DU PRE • ST PETER PORT . TEL i4Bli 7ii 761
AFFILIATE: REPUBLIC NATIONAL BANK OF NEW YORK IN NEW YORK OTHER LOCATIONS: BEVERLY HILLS - CAYMAN ISLANDS • LOS ANGELES •
MEXICO CITY ■ MIAMI • MONTREAL ■ NASSAU • NEW YORK - BUEN05 AIRES • CARACAS • MONTEVIDEO - PUNTA DEL ESTE - RIO PE JANEIRO - SANTIAGO -
GIBRALTAR - GUERNSEY - LONDON ■ LUXEMBOURG ■ MILAN - MONTE CARLO ■ PARIS ■ BEIRUT - KONG h ONG - JAKARTA - SINGAPORE • TAIPEI • TOKYO

INTERNATIONAL

soTTp

[quiMttiiiwliUiiMaMiiftiii.t.'.i

Mil m ‘W : iTTi ■ . ■ i k 1 1 ■ill

Dow Jones Awhm

Indus 3236*1 327258 rm-n 3256JM + 1948
Trona 1401 S3 141572 1395J7 l«Jg + 1MB
Util 304.18 aura 30330 30*87 4- 081
Camp 110140 117744 114023 117148 + 789

Standard A Poor’s Indoxoa

Industrials

Transp.

Utilities

FlnoncB

SPOT

SPOT

High Law

48007 *«en
34040 34373
WOJS 13972
tin Tim
40972 40039
3B3J9 38038 :

NYSE Indexes

High Low Chwe drt»
Composite 226*1 225*4 06*1 +J|7

IfldUStrtOlS 2BM9 Wm 28389 +232

Trtnsp. 20129 20287 20116 + 1JD7

Utilities 9434 9415 9434 +8.15

Finance 17152 172*4 17152 + 1JS

NASDAQ Indexes

B3ggEES SE5sE CT

ITW I 1 r rtf f II.V I m V^II V tf IN nip i' iV[ ■ j I till rr ‘j/r mV ■ In ml

WBWNWNNWS Kife

igi aaasiSM

-;Tb?.7iT a~; »#. r n »T

samssm

NYSE Most Actives

Vo). High Low Uwt Ciw.

Singe* n 28499 249b 22 24 +2tt

Owyslr 27994 18 17% 17% + fc

Unisys 24902 10% 10 low

Glows 22643 2TO 24% V - %

E Kodak 22SS6 40% 399k 40«4 — %

AT&T 20514 391* 38% »W +1

TelMwcn 20287 55% 54% 5SW +1

FordM 19338 38% 37% MW + VI

FodExp 16912 MVfc 54V3 S5W +1W

atlcorp 14544 1714 14* 17 + to

FUR Mote 16219 10 «• W — W

IBM 14310 BOk am 0744 —I

PtillMr 13739 79 78W 7Wk + %

BSocfcE 13455 13% 13% 1W + W

PopsIC 72938 32W 31W 32* + *

Most Actives

Composite

tndustrtob

Finance

insurance

Uilimes

B onus

Trans*.

High Low

42154 417*8
7DM3 70U4
410*3 40841
41988 41153
454*7 44885
393*9 39084
41788 409.12

AMEX Stock Index

High Low Close CtTOe
«584 40282 40584 + 2*4

20 Bands 9&K

10 Utilities 9881

10 industrlab 911!

Market Seles

NYSE 4 pm volume
NYSE prow. corn, dose
Amex 4 pm volume
Amu prsv. on. dose
NASDAQ 4 pm volume
NASDAQ prov. 4 pm volume
NYSE volume Up
NYSE volume down
Amex volume up
A mex volume down
NASDAQ volume up
NASDAQ volume down

VA^.^ar’i.T^^n

RECOVERY: Further Signs

NYSE Diary

(Cantoned from first finance page)

brought out their spring clothing
h'nw last month in mild weather.

Edward Yardeni of CJ. Law-
mice noted that the annual rate of
core inflation, 3.8 percent, was nm-
ningat its lowest level in five years.
He forecast an increase in the CPI

N.Y. Stocks

of only 2 percent this year, down
from 3 percent in 1991.

Little doubt remains that the re-
covery is here, although February's
figures may exaggerate it slightly.
Housing figures especially may
moderate as a half-percent rise in
long-term interest rates since Janu-
ary slows the mortgage market

Mr. Yardeni shifted his “no-go"
growth scenario to a forecast of
“slow-go," with a growth rate of 1.7
percent this year. That is virtually
the same as the unchanged consen-
sus forecast of 1.6 percent in this
month’s Blue Chip Economic Indi-
cators.

Allen Sinai of Boston Co. Eco-
nomic Advisers stood by his “soft
recovery-low inflation forecast,
partly because monetary growth,
although stiD solid, has slipped
slightly and fiscal stimulus was
growing increasingly unlikely in
the election-year deadlock between
Congress ana the White House. A

final" factor was economic weakness
in Europe and Japan, although that
was countered by strength in U.S.
markets in 1-adn America.

■ Stocks Forge Ahead
The Dow Jones industrial aver-
age; which inched up 0.45 of a
point Monday, closed Tuesday
with a 19.68-pdnt gain, at 3,256.04.

The Dew received a boost in the
last hour of trading from a wave of
computer-driven buy orders, Bir-
inyi Associates said.

News agencies reported that ad-
vances topped declines by a 5-to-3

S i the New York Stock
Yolume amounted to
8 milli on shares.

The most active stock. Singer,
rose 2 to 23% on volume of more
than 2.8 million shares after the
company priced a secondary offer-
ing of seven million common
shares at $2 1. 875.

Eastman Kodak fell % to 40%.
Smith Barney and Prudential Secu-
rities analysts cut profit estimates.

Federal Express added 1% to
55%. FedEx said Monday it would
restructure its European business to
pare widening international losses.

Tetefonos de Mexico’s ADR*
rose 1 to 55% after the company
said it would boost its dividend to
75 pesos from 25 pesos.

(Reuters, Bloomberg)

AdvanoM
Declined
Unchanged
Total issues
New Htohi
New Laws

Amex Diary

Mwxiced
Declined
Unchanged
Total issues
New Highs
Mew Lows

NASDAQ Ptory

Close

Advanced 1.198

Declined 922

Unchanged 2.119

Total Issues <239

Buy Soli
March 14 840434 751854 43

March 13 83&710 B01J90 70

March 12 893334 7B4.135 SI

March 11 888.931 1*35755 148

March 10 1801894 814*00 84

'Included In lf>e sales figures.

SAP 100 Index Options

n» - — - - h — — —

IB — — — — — — — —

jet-oh--**--

355 — — — — W* — —

JW 23 Mfc 16 — It Ilk J A

365 17ta 7th — - A I4W-

m ira — — h h «* nt

ffi ffi lit 1«| - * K 38 —

■ n n n mi * m w

KHAN- a m to -

m ik m m m t w w» -

36 & 1H 4 — 12 14ft — —

4H h lk Ik. 4tk M IT* - 211k

6 — W — Zffli — — —

111 — 16 k 1 — JB4 — —

Calk: MM VOL MUM: mu m M.JU4Q
PDk: total VOU407U: Mol open U4C172

Dec (2 dcc» Deed Men
27V4 — - Ik %

» - 9% - -

Eft - - - -

31 4% - Itt -

Colbs: toM vgLlIi'hM wen M. 32416

PMR MM voL m; Mai aotn ML own

SaunrrCBOE

Gold Nears a 6 -Year Low

Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatches

LONDON — A wave of selling, perhaps by an Eastern European
country, swept the gold market for the second straight day on Tuesday,
sending prices tumbling to the lowest level in nearly six years.

Dealers said the source of the sales seemed to an East European central
bank, outside the fanner Soviet Union, urgently seeking hard currency.

Gold touched $336.75 an ounce in early afternoon trading, its lowest
traded level since June 1986, but it recovered to an afternoon fixing of
$339. It had closed nearly S5 lower on Monday at $342.25.

Gold also fell in New Yoik but finished above its worst levels. Gold for
April delivery settled off $330 an ounce at $340.60 on the New York
Commodity Exchange after tr ading as low as $337.30. (Reuters, AFP)

iJILl

SUGAR (FOX)

U4. Doflon par HMtiic taiHMf of Si IBM
May 18480 18420 18780 1B3*0 185*0 18440
ABB 188*0 18880 189*0 187*0 187*0 189*0
Oct 189*0 189*0 189*0 10880 188*0 190*0
Dec 187*0 189*0 189*0 189*0 187*0 18880
Mar 185*0 187*0 N.T. N,T, 185*0 187*0
Mar 184*0 188*0 N.T. N.T. 104*0 188*0
Est. Sales 222.

COCOA (FOX)

Storting asr metric fuMofs of if tras
Mar 6S1 652 453 451 430 452

MOT 472 473 474 649 472 573

M 701 702 702 497 700 701

SOP 70S 734 727 724 727 728

Dee 740 741 761 737 740 742

Mar 791 792 792 790 793 795

MU9 810 >12 N.T. K.T. 812 814

M 020 831 N.T. N.T. 830 033

5eP 850 Ml 850 8S0 850 852

DOC 874 878 N.T. N.T. 875 881

Eft. 5ai«s am.

COFFEE (FOX)

Storting per mime ton-Ms 6f 5 teas
Mar 480 484 484 480 475 484

Est. Soles 14.

High Low Ckae CVW
WHITE SUGAR (Motif)

Dalton par metric ton-tote of 58 tons

dosing

Hoy 248*0 245*0

UN 269i89 ISM

let 241.30 46lJ»

MC N.T. N.T.

4or N.T. N.T.

Hoy N.T. N.T.

Est. sales 379. Prov. g
Open Interest 10718.

243.20 26550— 1JD
msa 257*0 — 1.10
2S6*0 260*8 — 2*8
258*0 250*0 — 250
Minn mip — 2*0
262*0 264*0— 3*0
ales: 519.

Metals

Close Prey

BM Aik Bid

Dollars per metric van

5pat 1247*0 1260*0 1245*0

Forward 1284*0 1295*0 1291*0

COPPER CATHODES (High Grade)

Sterling per metric ton

Snot __ 1275*0 1274.00 1290*0

Forward 1304*0 1305*0 1318*0

LEAD

Stertlag per metric taa

Spat _ 301*0 302*0 299*0

Forward 31250 3U5Q 310*0

NICKEL

Doom per metric ton
Spot 7405*0 7410*0 7423*0

Forward 748540 7490*0 7311*0

TIN _

DeHars par metric ton
Spot 5630*0 5640*0 5590*0

Forward 5666*0 567000 3690*0

ZINC (Special High Grade)

Daim par metric too

SPOT 122550 1226*0 1221*0

Forward 1234*0 1235*0 1229*0

Financial

High Law dose Change
' MMONTH STERLING CLIFFE)
f*M*08 -ptsof MO pet

Mar 89.38 BVJ26 89*9 + 0*5

J an IT JO 89JZ1 0929 +0L11

sen 89*9 89 JB 89*8 + 0.15

Dec 89.94 89*6 89*3 +212

mar 90.15 90*6 90.15 +0.11

Jon 9033 90*5 9833 +0.11

Sep 9SM mat 9046 +O10

DOC 904B 9041 9047 +0.10

Mur 9038 9044 +&«

Est. volume: 45*15. Open Interest: 210290.
+ MO NTH EURODOLLARS CLIFFE}
ll muiha - pts oMM pd
Jim PUS 95 M 9519 +OJB

Sep 94J2 W6 902 +0*5

Dec 92*4 93*9 9396 + 0*2

Mar 93*3 9X62 93*5 + 0*3

Jua 9213 9213 9214 Unch.

Sep 92.72 ;?7; 9270 —0*2

Dec 9225 92*4 9222 — 0*4

Mar 9220 9220 9218 -0*2

Est. volume: 4284. Open Interest: 34412
3-MOMTH EUROMARKS (UFFEJ
DM1 mUUaa-plsof IMpd
Jua 90*2 9048 9051 +0*4

Ssp Ml 90*5 90*8 +0J4

Dec 91.15 91.11 91.14 +0*3

Mar 9149 9145 9148 + 004

MB 9174 9172 91.73 +ttfil

Sep ra*5 92BB 92*3 +0*1

Dec 92.13 92*5 9213 +0*5

Mar 9224 9218 9225 +0*7

Est. volume: 32414 open Interest: 211*34

U.S. FUTURES

Low Close Change

LONG GILT CLIFFS
gJOT-Pts.^-tOTPW

SS S* ^ S3 «8

Est. volume: 2fl*64 Open Klterest: 50052
GERMAN GOVERNMENT BUND CLIFFS
DM 238*80- PtS ot IN PCt

Jua 8823 08JB BUO +8.19

sS 8X72 88*2 8473 +020

Est. volume: 41531. Open totereet: 94731-

Industrials

High Lew Lost Settle CtfM
Gasoil cipei

UJ. dollars per eidrletoiHetsof OTtpas
APT 14200 16050 16150 161*0 Ul^-

May 16400 16250 164*0 143J5 +OS

JUS 16575 16450 14575 14375 + 073

JW 14250 164*0 16773 157 JO +050

AM 169*0 168*0 169 JO 169 JO +073

Sep 17025 170*0 17000 171*0 +|»

Ott 17275 172*0 17275 17275 + 025

Nov 1 7450 773*0 ITcJS 17430 +1*0

Dec 175*0 175*0 175*0 175J0 Uw*.

Eat. Sotos 8*16. Prcv. sates 1*24.

Open intorost 60*09
BRENT CRUDE OIL (I PE)

UJl dWtars por Done Hots at |*M barrels
May 1778 1777 17JQ 17*6 +002

Jan 18*0 17*6 17*4 17*5 +0JB

JW 17*8 17*5 17*1 17*1 +0*1

AM 17*4 17*4 17*4 17*5 +0*4

S«p 17*8 17*8 17*8 17*8 +0*5

Oct 10*0 17*5 18*0 18JM +0*5

NOV 17*5 17*5 17*5 IMS +0*5

Dec 17*5 17*5 17*5 18J0 UddL

Jan N.T. N.T. N.T. 18*0 UndL

EsL Sales H6l4.Prev. sales 23J2D.

Open Interest 63*45

Stock Indexes

FTSE 108 CLIFFE}

Mar 2496* Ml* 2489* +26*

JM 25341) 2520* 2S27* +26*

S«p 25545 25545 2541* +240

EsL volume: 7*60. Open Interest: 42279.

Sources: Rmjfan, Matlt As so d vf t xl Peats,
London Inti FSaonekd Futures Exchange,
Inn Pwtrotevm Exchanae.

Spot ComroocRtlM

17*8 +0i®
18*8 +0*5
18*0 +0*5

Ceamecnty
Abpnlnurn. Rj
C oHee. Brat. EtJ
Copper electrolytic, lb
Iran FOB, toa
lead, lb
Silver, troy ai
Steel (billets), ton
Steel (scrap), ton
Tin. lb
Zinc, lb

Dhrktonda

0576 0574

0535 054

1.1315 1.1295

713*0 213*0

035 035

4*3 4*7

473*0 473*0

87*0 87*0

3*315 17394

0595 0565

WHEAT CCBT)

5*00 bu minimum- dollars per bushel

+JM

4AZV*

X17

Mar 3MW

378

374n ,396

45)

ZOOM

3*9Vb

3A5Vi

3*714

+JQ3W

279

376

371

371W

+JMM

4J2

Z92

Sep 377

379U

174W

374V4— JXR*

MOW

3J7Vk

1B4

3*4

<\BVl

3*0

Mar 3L89

1*9

3*5)4

3*5)4

+*0)4

372

3*2

Jut ISO

351

348

348

+JKH4

Est. Sale-

Prev. Sato 17*44

1 Prov. Day Open Int. 59*74 aft 71 6

WHEAT CKCBT]

1 5*00 bu minimum- dollars per bushel

■-J*

for

nyyr

j r.LH j

li.t/i 1

flnfiium

— - — ^ — 1

■TMi ■ 1 1 * I P ■! lir I? 11 1

Irmr t i ^ ■ i T T T^ TWH

IivikiTi7| ^B~' _ _

Fii rvtl ■

. : . v ,

:....^-.SS3gHPrAi -/'W.l 'i If ! M.ffiTil

rT77T77'i euin,i.. l |.i ll^>U-LiJNa^—

llinl*'- N3

^h, had cumacyj tat at, of

AT&T said it would provide dwgg^ g j^^ BTend of the

Alma Ata ro l^-<totanc» and ^

year. The deal foUows an ordff for AT&T m Jarnwuy “^STS®
modernize its tdephoue network.

Volkswagen Cute More Jobs in U.S.

— ^ —is?.

Volkswagen. Credit Ioc, the company s finai^

an, MariaLconhauser. Thcjobs cute are m action to the 150 to J S5jc*s

the company said it would cut last September, she said.

U.S. Newspaper Outlook Brightens

NEW YORK (AF) — Major U.S. ncjwspapa
signs of recovering from wnat may have been the industry * deepest

NEW YORK (AP) — Major U.S. newspapff
si gns of recovering from wnat may have been the industry * deepest
slump Standard & Poor’s Corp. said Tuesday. .

S&P said it based the assessment on signs of improvement m fourtii-
quarter timings advertising detnand and the economy conuKuect witn
recent efforts to cut operating costs and debt The fi n anc i al risk for
newspaper mmpanies has risen, S&P said, because of increased rcnance
on cla^fied advertising, whiefa rises and falls with the economy and the
of

lt7*. rtVfiHsn.7f.i-4.irr

»>!(»! nl‘-

Court Backs General Dynamics Sub

RICHMOND, Virginia (AP) —A federal appeals conn uphddTbesdas
the U 5. Navy's deciaanto award aSeawolf submarine contract to General
Dynamics Corp.’s Electric Boat shipyard in Groton, Connecticut
The dFrimVin by the 4th U.S. Chant Court of Appeals overturned an
earlier ruling in favor of Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. bj
a UJS. District judge. The decision could become moot, however, il
militar y roiriwjrs prompt the cancellation of plans for the sub.

For the Record

The Chicago Board of Trade said it would reduce its night session by45
minutes, to between 6:20 PAL and 9:05 PJM, beginning April 5. (UP I)
RoHberg, Knris, Roberts & Co. said it had entered into a partnership
with KSLEntaprises to invest in thesenTceand leisureindostrijes. (UP I)
Oo Enterprises he, the company that gave awards to the advertising
industry, filed for Chapter 1 1 bankruptcy. Hie Qio awards were canceled
last summer. ( Bloomberg)

■WrM.IWlVM'-

Em mzjLnxm

Nr,l

rro-.l

HfrH

Kl M

lt;S 1

fFi?

| r v r l

m j

fed

HelslnM

Amor A 66 64

EmoGutzaH 2250 2250

ICOP. 1X50 ISM

Kymm 71 _73

Matra 66 6750

Nokia 72 74

PofllOlO 68 67

Rupda 43 46

Stodunann 170 170

Bougainville — __

Coles Myer 11.12 11.10

Camaica 3*1 376

CRA 13*0 13*8

C5R 4*9 470

Dunlap 499 XI6

Fasten Brow 1*9 1*9

Goodman Field 1*4 1+5

Sydney

292 299
1226 1230
213 117

IC1 AUMTOllO

Magellan

MIM

Nat Ant Bank
News Corp
Nine Network
Pioneer lim

5*5 5*5
172 1J6
2J5B ZM
7*4 7*6
17*0 1776
0*7 0*8
3*2 NA.

Nmndv Poseidon 1.19 1.19
N Broken Hill U6 248
QCT Resources 172 i^
Santos 278 2*2

TNT 1*6 1*4

western Mining 492 499
WssfaMcBonkJng 280 1M

tt®r :8 7 ul

{ Zf' ,Tci

17970 179*0 +.M
110.10 180,90 +*D

SOYBCAN OIL(CBT)

6 aooo i tra- donors pot ion n».

2410 18*0 Mar 2048 20*8

23.90 18.93 Mav 2070 3970

2630 19*5 Jul 20.98 28*9

Ptnw fl n 2470 24BS

Harmony
HlahveW Steel

Sao Paulo
Banco de Brasil 162 165
Broctasco 6150 61

Brahma 323 323

Parana pane fiw 21 21

Peirohras 101 ® 9m
Vale Rio Doc* 1M 180
Vang INLA. 290

R558 EMSH' sm

Singapore

Csrehas 258 2*0

aty Dev. 3*0 372

DBS 1170 1170

Fraser Neave 9*0 10.10

Gen lino SJO 110

Golden Hope PI 1*6 1*7

Haw Par 2*9 250

Hume industries 2M i*d

Inchcape 5*5 5*5

KeeaM 7*o 775

XL Keen) 2*2 2*4

Lum Charts 1*1 1

Malayan Banks 5*5 5.10

OCBC 8*5 190

OUB 6*2 <31

DUE 7*5 7*0

Semhowang 770 7*0

5honqrtla 5*0 5*5

slmeOvby 271 273

S1A 12*0 12*0

SHqre Lend 498 5

S*Pore Press 155 855

Sins Stoanwhin 2*5 2*5

Straits Trodtog 2*0 2*1

UOB OS 6*5

UOL 154 153

grafts Ti mes tod,: >44536

provides: 1449*4

22*0 19*2 Auq 21.12 21.12

2230 1957 Sea 2175 2175

22J0 19*6 Oct 2175 21*5

22*0 19.93 DOC 21*7 2175

22*8 2005 Jon

22*5 joss mo-
ats 21*0 May

Est.5aies Prey. Salts 13771

Prev. Day Open Int 82*30 off 475

Livestock

CATTLE (CME)

40*00 lbs.- cents per lb.

7972 78*5 Apr 79JH 79*0

7575 67*0 Jun 74*0 7440

7240 65.90 Aup 70*5 7050

7200 6675 Oct 69.90 6997

73*0 6770 DOC 7WH 7&10

7075 68.10 Fit) 69*0 6950

70*5 70.15 Apr 7025 70*5

Est. Sales 28774 Prev. Salas 9526
Prev. Day Open Inf. 97,996 off 84
FENDER CATTLE (CME)

<4000 Ids.- contl Berth.

87.10 7400 Mar 79,97 BU2

67.00 7375 Apr 78*3 79 JO

8458 72*9 May 7777 77*9

83*8 72*5 Aug 7575 7410

8270 72.15 Sec 7115 7117

7950 72J0 Oct 7450 74*0

B3JN 7350 NOV 75*0 75*0

Est. Sales _ Prey, Sales 1*30
prov. Day Open int 12282 up 30
HOGS (CME)

40000 lbs.- cents per lb. „

46*2 37*5 APT 4055 4U3

5060 *2*7 Jun 46*0 4440

4870 43JS5 Jul 4172 4572

4485 41*0 AUO 46D7 44*0

4275 3970 Od 41.15 4135

45.15 41.10 Dec 4470 44*5

4775 43*0 Fell 45*0 C*5

43*0 4270 Apr 4X10 4375

Est. Sales 139 Prev. Sales 4791
Prev. Day Open Int. 32*56 UP2K)
PORK BELLIES CCMEI

‘ffirTrs* ** g*
S3 SS 5T H H

51*0 3602 Ann 3197 3675

•SM® 44*0 Feb 4M0 <8.15

JtJXS 4650 Mar 47*0 47*0

5050 4750 May

Est. Sotos 3528 Prev. Sales 2202
Prev. Dav Open Hit. 1X236 oft 31

2075 2034
Sttxx Sti ff

2076 20*7

20.95 2TJ0
21.12 21 .M

2170 2]76
2150 21*2

21*2

2175

2173

77*5 7102
73JM 7X55
69 JO 69*2
6855 6975
49.70 49*7
4UJ0 68*5
69*5 69JB5

79*5 7977
77*7 78*0

76*5 76*5

7X02 75*2

7450 74*5
7470 7470
74*5 74*5

40*1 40*2
45J5 46.10
4X40 45.75

4190 44.17
41.15 41^

34J5 33L70

££ p

34*2 35*0

4775 47*0

WlSw

[ ' s ' ' 1 ? ' 1 t. ' i 'H

5p3rr1

■■ • . J' » "»/ j'l

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COFFEE CCNnrCStt)

37500 ibL- cents per lb.

10750 6450 Mar HE 7275

10*0 66.15 MOV 73*0 HJ0

10800 6L75 Jul 7540 »*5

10*0 71 JS Sep 77 JS 2-«

107*3 75« SI» JfS

MJ5 79 JH Mar 842 Site

9430 8230 MOV 86*5 86*5

S6JB 85*0 Jul

Est- Sales iw.P'SSfito *■
Prev. Day Open Int. 49.181
SUGARWORLD 11 (NYCSCEl

112*00 IbL-cmKBarllx

977 7*5 Mav L» Ate

9.16 7*0 Jul 847 8*0

9*5 7.93 Oct 8*5 8*8

9JM £L30 Mar 8*9 8.70

8*0 870 MOV A72

5S 873 Jul 87S L7S

ESI. Sales 15452. prav. Sates H*W
Prev. Day Open Int. 94*74

7225 7275 — 70
72*0 72*5 —75

7*70 74J5 - JO
77.10 77 JO — JS
80*0 80*0 —JO
UTS 84JS -45
8675 8975 +1JS

9045 -1.10

8J2 873 -.10

83) Ml — *9
8*3 848 —M

** ft Z%

875 875 -S

l.'> tft/ r. ll ^

sss n ■»

Prov. Day open 1nr.wa.77s oHa 0

^<S3^ HDSX<> " P «

SS U £T 38 ag s£ + iir

23*5 21235 Sen WTO — 2“5 +l3s
1HM' 225*0 Dec 22?JB =7*© +1^

Est. Soles Prov.Soles 22825 +1*5

Prw. Day Ooen Int. AM4 ^

Commodity Indexes

■ n

g 'a J 5

ftr p J 4

H r

5& -■ si

0 ■-* ? 1*:

Moodrt
Routers
DJ, Futures
Com. Research

Previous

,?SM0.

1 * 2110 ,

121a.

ii.i

**

-« is

NASDAQ

Tuesday's Prices

Thte^^iSiSKS^S! 12 -W - N8W York wm*.

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

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EUROPE

Poor U.K. Data Jolt
Tory Ca]

Lpaign

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Reuters

LONDON — The government's
first fuD week of election cam -
paigning suffered a double blow on
Tuesday when figures showed a
sharp rail in Britain's industrial
output and a hi gher- than-expected
government deficit.

“The figures were much worse
than expected,” said Ian Amsiad,
an economist at Bankers Trust
“They are definitely recession
numwas.”

The Central Statistical Office
said industrial production fell 1 J
percent in January, while factory
output alone dropped 0.7 percent.
Both numbers followed revised de-
clines of 0.4 percent in December.

Economists had expected a 0.1

percent faU in overall industrial
output, which includes Britain's
North Sea oil and gas production,
and a 0.2 percent decline in manu-
facturing output.

The Treasury, meanwhile, said
the public-sector borrowing require-
ment — tie deficit — was £963
million ($1.65 billion) in February,
despite £809 million of receipts from
the second installment of the gov-
ernment's sale of Britain’s ekctnoly

generating companies

Market analysts, who had ex-
pected a deficit of just £200 million,
said the larger gap reflected a big
eroaionoftaxrecapts.agoodmdi'
cation of the depth of the recession.

“It's hard to look on the bright
side with figures like these," said

Kevin Gardiner, economist at the
brokerage S.G. Warburg. “They
show the manufacturing sector still
very firmly in recession, and cer-
tainly don't give the chancellor
anything to crow about before
April 9,” the election dale.

Prime Minister John Major put a
brave face on the reports, saying he
did not believe tbe data would hurt
his Conservative Party’s campaign
“because the output figures are
necessarily historical they are mir-
rored in most of the industrial
countries."

The poor state of manufacturing
pi^ang that unemployment figures
for February, which are due to be
released on Thursday, could show a
large and politically embarrassing
rise, analysts said.

■ Money on Conservatives

British bookmakers said they
were offering narrower odds on the
ruling Conservatives to win the
election after they received several
orders this morning h acking the
Tories, Bloomberg Business News
reported from London.

Ladbrokes said it cut the odds on
a Conservative victory following a
spate of orders this morning to 1-
to-2 from 4-to-6 on Monday. That
means a successful £10 bet on the
Conservatives would recoup £5
plus the original £10 stake.

Coral was offering odds of 5-to-6
for the Conservatives w inning the
most parliamentary seats, com-
pared with S-to-II on Monday.

Investor’s Europe

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Sources: RButats, AFP

GB4.3G ,r-

huaoeiMaal Herald TrSxmc

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Wimpey Sinks Into Loss

Compiled by Our Sutf Fran Dispauhes

LONDON — George Wimpey PLC, the British building concern^
posted Tuesday a pretax loss of £16.1 milli on ($27.6 milli on) for 1991
.as recession battered the construction industry.

The loss came after exceptional charges of £46.4 million, inriuiting
an £11.8 million provision on Wimpey’s involvement in Trans-
manche Link, the group of British and French construction compa-
nies building the Channel TunueL Sales fell 11 percent, to £1.75
billion, from £1.97 billion the previous year.

The stock market had expected a bigger loss, however, and
Wimpey shares rose 6 pence to close at 137.

Britain's housing market has suffered its most troubled period for
many years, with prices tumbling in the face of a recession that
contributed to almost 80,000 mortgage repossessions last year.

{Reuters, Bloomberg, AFP)

• Isosceles PLC, which led the management buyout of the Gateway
supermarket chain in 1989, will sell its Henman's sporting-goods chain in
the United States and float its FA. We&Mortfa stores in Northern Ireland
to reduce the debt incurred in the £2.1 Union ($3.6 billion) buyout

• Dunlop Skzenger International, a unit of BTR PLC will be fined
Wednesday by the EC Commission for refusing to seB its sporting goods,
for export from Britain so it could main tain higher prices abroad through"
its own distribution network, commission sources said.

• KvaernerA/'S, the Norwegian shipbuilder, has been told by the German
government’s Treuhand privatization agency to improve its offer for one
of Eastern Germany’s largest shipyards, the Neptune yard in Rostock;'
the agency cleared Kvaerner to buy the Wamow yard in Wamenumde. .

• Samenwerfeende Prijsregdande Orgsnsaties, a group erf 28 Dutch
bufldmg associations, was told by the EC fVirnitriwaftw that its members
could be fined up to 1,000 European currenpy units (SI ,225^ a day if they
kept refusing to disband a cartel the commission outlawed last month.

• ISS-lnternational Service System A/S, the Denmark-based cleaning
and security company, reported a 23 percent rise in pretax profit, to 329
mi&km kroner ($50.9 million), for 1991.

• Sogefi SpA, a holding company controlled by Carlo de Benedetti, is
selling its 47317 percent stake in the German automotive-parts group
Boge AG to Mannesman] AG for 120 billion lire ($96 million).

• The Swedish government has proposed an open shipping register that
would allow the hiring of low-paid foreign news aboard its freighters.

• ASKO Deutsche Kanfhsns AG said it expected to raise its common
stock dividend for 1991 by 2 Deutsche marks to 17 DM ($10.25).

Reuters. Bloomberg, AFP

Federal Express Ends Intra-European Services

Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatches

LONDON — U.S.-based Feder-
al Express Corp. is ending its intra-
European services, selling many of
the operations to TNT Ltd. of Aus-
tralia and Securicor Omega Ex-
press Ltd. of Britain and cutting
about 6,600 jobs, more than half erf
them in Britain and Ireland, the
company said Tuesday.

Federal Express, which acquired
Tiger International in 1989 to be-
come the largest air-cargo canier in
the world, said its European opera-
tions were too unprofitable to re-
tain. Service to and from the Unit-
ed States will not be affected.

“The market in Europe has not
developed express traffic as quickly
as we had anticipated," said Fred-
erick Smith, the chief executive of
the company, in Memphis, Tennes-
see. “As a result, effective May 4 we
will no longer offer domes He ser-
vices in Europe or intra-European
services and win concentrate on

our intercontinental express and
business logistics services."

The company announced its
withdrawal in Memphis late Mon-
day, along with a $193.4 mfltion
loss for the third quarter of its fi-
nancial year. That figure included a

Express deliveries in 10 European
countries.

Package shipments in Britain
outside London are to be handled
by Securicor Omega Express. Se-
curicor also is expected to handle
international -shipments to and

Service to and from North America will
not be affected by the withdrawal, which will
cause the loss of 6,600 jobs.

France. We will still pick up a pack-
age in Paris, France, and fly it to
Rome, Georgia. But we wQl not pick,
up a package in Paris. France, and
fly it to Rome, Italy." he said.

Federal Express wfll trim the
number of ooinpany-owned bases
in Europe to 19 from- 125, with
those remaining focusing on inter-
continental business rather than
deliveries among European points.

It will contract with independent

$254 million charge for restroctur-
ingthe European operations.

TNT Chrono Sendee SA, owned
by TNT Ltd., will purchase Federal
Express’s domestic French busi-
ness, called Chronoservice, far $18
million.

TNT Express Worldwide, a joint
venture between TNT and national

? osta! services in Germany,
ranee. Sweden, Canaria and the
Netherlands, wfll handle Federal

from Britain for areas not directly
served by Federal Express.

Financial details of these trans-
fers were not revealed.

The reorganization is not expect-
ed to affect package shipments be-
tween the United States and Eu-
rope, said Thomas R. Oliver, vice
president for worldwide customer
operations.

“We will still pick up a package in
Rome, Georgia, and fly it to mis,

carriers for pickups and
outside 16 core dues. The company
will cut its European work force
from 9,200 employees to 2,600.
with 3,534 of the joo losses in Brit-
ain and Ireland.

Federal Express said its third-
quarter revenue edged up to $1.89
billion from $1.86 billion.

In the financial year that ended
May 31, 1 991, Federal Express had
$671 million of operating profit in
the United States and Canada and
a $391 million loss for the rest of
the world. (Reuters, AP, AFX)

BANKS: Hongkong Bank Drifts Further West With Plan to Buy Midland.

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(Continued from page 1)
Morrison, an analyst with Klein-
wort Benson Securities.

Although for several years it has
been the most troubled of Britain's
Big Four banks — burdened by
bad debts in Latin America and in
its own backyard — Midland is
also thought to be the only one chat
could be purchased. The Bank of
England would likely frown on the
loss of independence of the na-
tion’s two largest banks; as for the
smallest, Lloyds Runic. , analysts
reckoned its high stock price rela-
tive to its earnings makes it too
expensive.

Still, the merger faces a lengthy
gauntlet of regulators not only in
Hong Kong and Britain but in the
United States, where both banks
have subsidiaries. The European
Commission also will scrutinize the
deal. In order to win approval
Hongkong & Shanghai Bank will
almost certainly have to quiddy lift
its veil revealing the size of its hid-
den assets, something Hong Kong
laws permit to go undisclosed.

In Hong Kong, there was con-
cern Tuesday about political rami-
fications. As the main issuer of the
colony’s banknotes and the instru-
ment the Hong Kong government
uses to link the Hong Kong dollar
the U.S. dollar, the bank has long
been an es tablishm ent pillar.

Last year, when the bank shifted
its ownership from Hong Kong to
London-based HSBC Holdings
PLC in a bid to insulate itself from
the risks associated with 1997, it
made a strong effort to profess its
commitment to the colony in the
future. Now it may have trouble
making the same case.

“Before, they were just hanging
op their shingle in London," said
Kathleen Kearney, senior research
manager at Ong & Co. (HK) "This
really looks Kke they are going off-
shore."

There is also concern that the
deal could invite hostility from
Beijing. "How are the Chinese go-
ing to feel about the fact that capi-
tal raised by the quastceniral bank
is gang to be transferred to Brit-
ain?" asked Steven Li, an analyst at
Jantine Fleming Securities Ltd.

Gr aham Jinks, an analyst with
Barclays de Zoete Wedd Ltd. esti-

mated that Hongkong & Shang-
hai's assets could total £7.1 billion,
nearly half of which, £3 J billion, is
currently in hidden reserves.

Many of Hongkong Bank’s
shareholders were left wondering if
perhaps a better investment could
not be found for the bank’s bil-
lions. “The institutional investors
are a little upset," said Laura Gren-
ning, an analyst with Smith New
Court Securities in Hong Kong
“People bought Hongkong for its
Asian businesses.”

Even in London, some bankers
and analysts expressed misgivings.
Some went as far as calling the
merger a throwback to discredited
days of willy nfljy international ex-
pansion by the banks. Chris
Wheeler, an analyst with Shearson
Lehman Brothers in London noted
that HSBC would have major oper-
ations in Asia, America and Eu-
rope. “We have never seen any-

S Kke it before,” he said. “It is
dt to say if it wfll be a success
or a white elephant.”

For HBSC, Midland has several
attractions. Britain's third-largest
bank in addition to ranking as a
turnaround play could ghe HSBC
a strong retail base outside or Hong
Kong. That consideration has been
gaining ever greater weight as the
date of the 1997 takeover of the
former colony by China nears.

“Hongkong & Shanghai is keen
to convmce us that 1997 will go

smoothly and that the Chinese are
now our friends, bnt at the very
least it could curtail the bank’s ex-
pansion,” said Nick Gough, an an-
alyst with County NatWest Wood
Mackenzie in London.

For Midland Bank, analysts
said, one big attraction is that it has
tittle overlap with HBSC, largely
because the two have previously
swapped European and Asian of-
fices and withdrawn for each oth-
er’s continents.

In December 1990, with Mid-
land's future looking particularly
shaky, the two banks said they

would go their separate ways, tem-
porarily, giving up merger plans.
Hongkong Bank had operated un-
der a three-year agreement net to
increase its stake until that time.

One bidder rumored to have
been interested in snapping up
Midland is Britain's fourth- Largest
but most profitable bank, Lloyds,
A merger between the two British
institutions would almost certainly
have have meant wholesale closure
erf branches and along the way trig-
gered immense cost savings.

Laurence Zuckerman m Hong
Kong contributed to this article.

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)

Page 18

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

F 4 .ST: The Most Successful Investors in Eastern Europe Began Long Ago AMEX

(Chnflaned from first page)
EC and Eastern European affairs.
“We believe it is not the big ones
who beat the small ones; it is the
fast ones who beat the slow ones."

toifrien in >atrmg over the antiquat- reacquiring a soda ash factory it said. “We are a federation of com- T

ed, sprawling factories inherited once owned in former East Genoa- panics, most welcome as represent- ^ d

fmm the Communist system ny, plans on hmlriing a new chemi- ing the world zather than any par- late tra

“We’ve had to cut off all the cal plant in Poland because the ticular country. We are realty just

parts that have no thing to do with costs of modernizing any existing as much at home in Poland as in u m**
manufacturing turbines,” said Mr. operation are just too great Switzerland.” _ "*** Ly -

voo Koerber, who is also chief ex- Whatever the approach, pro- Fiance's Elf. too, has been active L_ —

said. “We are a federation of com-
panies, most welcome as represent-
ing the world rather than any par-

TMay’sOoebfl

Tables include the nationwide prices up to
the dosing on Wall Street and do not retted
late trades elsewhere, via Tfte Asaoaatod Press

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Significantly Western Europe’s manufacturing turbines, said Mr. operation are just too great Switzerland.

ii-arfinp oonmmies. along with a V0Q Koerber, who is also chief ex- Whatever the approach, pro- Fiance's Elf. too, has been active
number ofU S multinationals ecutJVrc of ABB’s Goman subsid- found dislocations are unavoid- throughout (he region. Its stibsid-

such as International Business Ma- “ty- In the factory it acquired near able. “In the long run, of course, iaiy Sanofi, for example, recently

chines Com rvnmi FWtrir. Cn Gdansk in Poland, for instance, everyone recognizes that it is not purchased a 40 percent interest m

chines Corp n General Electric Co.
and General Motors Corp.,
through its Opd subsidiary, are
weQ ahead, of their Japanese coun-
terparts. Despite their reputation
fora being willing to endure a long
period of early losses for a big pay-
off in the future, Japanese compa-
nies are bolding back.

“The Japanese are reluctant be-
cause they don't have the experi-
ence,” argues Jurgen Oberg, execu-
tive director for East European
operations at Munich-based Se-
mens. “They need excellent nm-

'Doing business over time, even when
there is little business to speak of, counts. 9

Lode Le floeh-Prigent, chairman of EH Aquitaine

ABB found such operations as a possible to make these joint ven-
Irindergarten and a butcher. turns economically successful with

Semens faces snnilar obstacles -the size of the staffs they have now-
in Czechoslovakia. “From an eco- adays,” Mr. Oberg added.

zkondc point of view, it probably
makes sense to build a greenfield

ning economies and a strong infra- operation,” Mr. Oberg said. “But sizes its local diversity, is spreading plemented, the wealth of the conn-

structure in order to be successful
We're willing to operate with more
uncertainty.”

But white the business pioneers in
Eastern Europe have an advantage
in not having to start from snatch,
they also must shoulder an

from a social point of view, we have its wings rapidly throughout the try will impro ve and the market
to work with what is there.” post-communist East. will grow,” said Mr. Le Ftocb-Pri-

Some companies, however, be- “Within the next two to three gent of Elf. “The people are very
lieve the advantages of new plants years, we expect to generate bus- dever. they learn very fast, and
are so overwhelming that they ness volume of around S1.5 trillion they will adapt. Indeed, I wouldn't
would rather buDd on their own. annually and employ more than be surprised if they teach us a les-
Sotvay, for example, in addition to 20,000 people,” Mr. von Koerber son someday soon.”

NYSE

Tuasday's Closing

Tables include the nationwide prices up to
the dosing on Wall Street and do not reflect
late trades elsewhere. Vie The Associated Press

(Continued)

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I- i f .1

Guaranteed by the Government of Pakistan

5-Year Beam Certificates in U.S. Dollars, Denrsche Marks, Pocnd Sterling
and Japanese Yb> will he weed in die following dcnoaimaiions:

U.S. Dolbis
Peuovhc Maria
Pound Sterling
Japanese Yen

SOOO. 10000 and
5000. 10000 and
5000, 10000 and'

10,000, 50,000. 100000. 500000,1000000 and ICOCO0OO

These Certificates wiU be issued at par and mature on
completion af 5 years from the dale of issue.

No Income Tax! • No Quest

No Wealth Taxi About Soi

* No Identity to be Disclosed!

No Questions Asked
About Source of Funds!

/ Rates of annual return on
r Certificates denominated in:

ff|gg^^F Pound Sterling :
gW Deutsche Mark :

US Dollar : j

^^7 Japanese Yen : 7.

/ ftyabie on hdf yearly basis

/ Duse rare* art valid
f fcr issues upra Khh April. 1992.

11.75%
10.25%
8.75%
7.75% ,

F w On Sale in Pakistan
r from 15di March,

abroad from A

23 rd March § k

Authorised banks at home and abroad will issue Certificates, pay
return periodically and repay principal on maturity.

These Certificates can be purchased without limit by individuals,
firms, institutions and bodies corporate excluding banks and
financial ihstituriuns operating in'Pakistan.

These Certificates can be purchased on payment of the value in
respective foreign currency. No application or registration is
required.

Payment for purchase of the Certificates shall be made from a
foreign currency account held in Pakistan, remittance from
abroad m favour of the Office of Issue, tender of respective foreign
currency notes or Travellers Cheques or encashment proceeds of
Foreign Exchange Bearer Certificates.

No charge shall be levied at the time of u sue nr payment of
re rum or maturity proceeds.

The return on the Certificates shall be payable half yearly on
presentation of the Certificates toother with the coupons at-
tached therewith at the Office of Issue.

Payment of periodical return and principal on maturity will be
made by issue of respective foreign currency notes, allowing
credit to the foreign Currency Account, issuing Demand Draft,

Telegraphic Transfer. Mail Transfer, and Travellers Cheques or

at the option of the bearer in Fak. rupees.

Thc-e Certificates may be encashed after two years from the date
of issue at a penalty of 1 .5% per annum for die unexpired period.
Banks can discount these Certificates in foreign currency after
two yean from the date of issue.

Banb can also discount these Certificates in local currency any
time after issue.

vu 7ft Am sir
7 Pu ALC
tfH 3ft AMC

te recognizes that it is not purchased a 40 percent interest m
Qiinrrm, Hungary's second-rank-
” ing pharmaceutical company.

■Yen when At the moment, even the most

, » . f daring of Western businesses active

ak Ot, counts. in Eastern Europe remain hesitant
i# 4_. ...... to plunge headfust into the debris

ff Aquitaine of £cofd Soviet Union. “In Russia

— and Ukraine, nothing is running,”

3 to make thra joint ven- said Mr. von Koerber.
xmomically successful with But for all the current woes
of the staffs they have now- there, some executives are starting
Mr. Oberg added. to express growing confidence in

ite die obstacles, ABB, a Russia’s longer-nm future as wefl.
wedish hybrid that empha- “As institutional reforms are im-

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460 life life life - ft

rapidly throughout the try will improve and the market
mnist East, will grow,” said Mr. Le Flocb-Pri-

51 « Alcoa of 3J5 75 _ *300 47ft 47te

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11 Mtt ABfcCT 732 7J * 4U 16ft life

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Banks can make advances in local currency a^inst the security
uf these Certificates.

Being bearer^io claim of any nature will be entertained in case
any Certificate is lost, stolen, destroyed, mutilated or burnt.

ftp fftj fmhrr o^brmaaon pirate rantan Srcnnoa CVpwMtm.

STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN. lit* for. Sd*» Ctmplo.
M R. K ‘qtmMad. Kbk*. Tdfe: 5/5818- 56801 W.

AUTH(7R]SEU BAJVK.S: iiaioh Banfe. .Vatranai Bunk ol iWcietis. Muslin 1 CNtuMmi Bank. United Bank, Allied Bank of Pakiaun. Indurtoial {Vvdopfnenf Ikokol PakifUn.
Una Vt'i4»H»i Kink. Bulk '/Kmnefw AkHabih. Mehna Bank. Indus Bank. Union Bank, American Express Bank. Bank of Aroma. Bank of Tokyo, fink of Oman. SLiodairf
. m! Hank. < jiibjnk NA. (2»r ManhaiOJi Bmk. Deutsche Bank. ABN ■ AMRO Bank. Banque Indowez. ANZ Crindlavs Bank. Middle East Bank. Eminm Bank
Inb-maliraidl. Unr ^r-g Bank. Doha Bank. Hafnb Bank A.G. Zurich. InL Fin. Invertment * Coro. Bank. Rupali Bank. Pan African Bank & Sorictc Genenlr French Bank.

STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN

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Compiled by Ota Staff From Dispatches government monopoly were listed

TOKYO — Nippon Telegraph & 111 1987.

Telephone Com., arguing that its Kpj™ 2 said ^ partly pri-

profit was hemp squcQcd bv a vatized tdeconmunucalioDS giant
price war among long-distance was faring the need to keaj capital
telephone companies, said Tuesday ■»**“■* at record levels to mod-
it wanted government approval to crn “ c switching equipment.
i?ise charges on local ™»n« He said the new promt forecast,

■ Whfle a number of companies f° submitted to “JPvwnmrat
compete in Japan’s Sued “ a few months, p^yrtflected

long-distance teEphonTSaAe£ *£1 mo '

NTT is alone in providing mtr£ We-triepW servtces, which are
city services, and theseregulated “ anew company

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^4 2- Ifear Slump Is Forecast in Japan

TOKYO — Jauan’s econnmic Brokers Face Cost Cuts mors spread that the g

l £ S5-1

" it * J 4 '*

services are extremely cheap, in-
dustry observers said.

.. NTT's president, Masashi Ko-
jnna, said the company would “be
able to pull through in 1991-92”
despite the fact that parent pretax
profit for the year ending Much 31
was likely to be slightly
350 billion yen ($2.6 biffiou), down
about IS percent from 4143 billion
in the previous year.

• “But next year will be cata-
strophic unless we take aggressive
measures,” Mr. Kqjiraa said, add-
ing that NTT was slashing its profit
estimate for the year starting April.
1. by 29 percent, to 250 billion yen.
' Tha t amounts to barely half of
NTT's pretax earnings in the year
to March 1988, its first full year of
operation after shares in the former

*3c . a
OCc <u -

in July. These services earn be-
tween 20 bfllkm yen and 30 billion
yen a year, he said.

But the main factor behind the
reduced earnings is increasing com-
petition from recently licensed ri-
val carriers on long-distance do-
mestic services. These carriers are
Teleway Japan Coip., Daim Den-
den Inc. and Japan Telecom Co.

In April, the three plan to cut
their long-distance phone rates to
1 80 yen ior the first three minutes,
f rom 200, widening the gap with
NTFs rate of 240 yen.

“We can keep our long-distance
rates as they are and lose customers,
or we can lower them and see our
revenue drop,” Mr. Kqjima said.
“Eilberway, our profits -mil suffer ”

(AFP, Reuters )

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Seeks Asia-Wide Growth

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: ^ SINGAPORE — Yaohan International Co n the Japanese mer-
it' I'- * : c h a nd is i ng giant, plans to expand its Asian network, aggressively

" iS i *-i ■ ~ Over the next several years, particularly in China, Phsirman Kawm

r *• Wada said Tuesday.

a.- £■* 1 «'-i - T 1 ” 5 company has just bought 40 percent of World of Sports, a

* Sj SJ 1 ' ' , m *J or Singapore-based sporting-goods chain, thr o ugh its holding

“ t* * a-J " company Internal onal Merchandise Mart, said IMMs chief exccu-

- •* n J fi 1 five, Mitsumasa Wada.

is - World of Sports has 220 outlets throughout Asia, and is about to

£ a a'*, ^ open another 25 in Singapore, Mitsumasa Wada said. The chain’s sales

si a‘».j _ are esqiected to teach 400 mQliaoShigmore dollars (S241nnllkni) this

? i5 h J ‘ year, he said, but declined to divulgetne price pad for the chain

|! IS Si 5*‘ tl - . * tazuo Wada, the Yaohan chairman, said: “We will set up Asia’s

5 J*** witMi - biggest shopping ctnter in Shanghai by 1995 with a total floor space

: tn n£l! of 100,000 square meters,” or just over 1 mini on square feet The
“ ®* g » ' center would cost $100 millio n- he said

i S Su Yaohan opened Tuesday a 200 milli on Singapore dollar complex

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TOKYO — Japan's economic
slump is likely to last for two years
before business recovers from the
speculative orgy of the 1980s, Nip-
pon Telegraph & Telephone Ca's
president said Tuesday.

“Even if interest rates go down,
it’s not really going to stimulate
the economy,” the executive, Ma-
sashi Kqjima. told a group of for-
eign reporters, referring to grow-
ing calls for easier credit among
business leaders and ruling party
politicians.

The calls have gained in urgen-
cy as the Tokyo stock market has
reached its lowest levels in five
years. The Nikkei 225 stock aver-
age, after dipping below the key
support level of 20.000 points on
Monday, recovered only margin-
ally on Tuesday, to 19.917.63, up
80.47 points.

Mr. Kqjima, echoing recent
comments by Prime Minis ter Kii-
cfai Miyazawa. said m uch of the
wealth generated in Japan in re-
cent years was “money earned by
gambling rather than money
earned through sweat."

Japanese banks need two years
“to really determine if they can
recover bad debts," he «>H.

The NTT executive also
stressed the need for a shakeout
in Japan’s real-estate sector,
which, along with the stock mar-
ket, was until recently a favorite
playground for speculators.

The question is who of these
real-estate people will survive and
who will die,” he said.

TOKYO — Japan’s ailin g brokerages have been slow to trim
operations, but the worsening T okyo 'stock-market slump may force
drastic cost-cutting measures, industry officials and analysts say.

“More brokerages, including the Big Four, are likely to close more
offices amid the severe market circumstances,” a Finance Ministry
official said.

Analysis expea most of the 20-odd listed brokerages to post net
and pretax losses for the year ending March 31, because of the two-
year-long stock market slump.

Losses are likely to widen as long as daily volume on the Tokyo
Stock Exchange remains below 500 nriUion shares, analysts said.
Volume has averaged around 200 million shares a day so far this year.

New Japan Securities Co., which earlier reported a current, or
pretax, loss of 20.28 billion yen ($15 1.6 million) for the six months to
SepL 30. 1991 — the worst result of any listed brokerage — said it
would close four outlets in late March, including two branches.

Among the Big Four — Nomura Securities Co„ Daiwa Securities
Co.. Nikko Securities Co. and Yamaichi Securities Co. — only
Y amoichi has announced closures, shutting three small _ unprofitable
offices. Bui Yamaichi also plans to open four new branches.

The brokerages are unlikely to conduct Western-style layoffs but
will seek to decrease payrolls through attrition and reduced hiring,
analysts and industry sources said. Employment at more than 200
brokerage firms fell 10,407 in the last six months of 1991, to 1 56,558,
the Japan Securities Dealers Association said.

earned t&ough sweat." J ■ Market’s Limp Rebound peared to be watching for what, if Serata wonffteqdSw Very briefly!

Japanese banks need two yean James Stemgold of The New anything, the government would sage of the goventmenvs boogei,

“to really determine if they can York Tunes reported from Tokyo: which is expected to stimulate the • Hyundai Group was warned by South Korea’s five major economic

recover bad debts," he said. Government and business ?“ sluggish economy. organizations to stay out of the general election campaign and not to

The NTT executive also *?dera offered various solutions t Mr- Miyazawa hinted, too, that support the political ambitions of its founder, Chung Ju-yung; Hyundai

MrjffAta weakness ^but^no S Me rooeared iSSSSS^J^ doned it wasfunding Mr. Chung’s Unification National P^rty.

in Japan’s real-estate sector, ready to aa a PPear The market rose initially Tues- bolster investors’ confidence. • Thai Airways International Lid.’s offering of 40 million shares at 60 baht

which, along with the stock mnr- Finance Minister Tsutomu day, as some investors probed for Kozo Watanabe, the minister (52.34) tc >smaU investors was expected tc ibe oversubsaibed foDowmg

«bv^ 1 Srlr r ^L a Ju aVOnte Hata urged Japanese to ream a positive swing, that reversed 0 f intemationStede andkdus- strong early demand, brokers involved sard,

playground lor speculators. “coolly and cautiously” despite ? , “ en ^ ^8® t f usl accounts try. said Tuesday: “It is vital for • Sharp Coip. said it lowered its forecast for parent current profit for the

“The question is who of thes e fears of a worsening' economic by corporations resumed commercial banks to drastically year to March 31, to just above 70 bDlion yen ($523 million) from an

real -estate people will survive and slowdown. modest selling pressure. cut {heir lending rates, providing October forecast of 81 billion and the previous year’s 8023 billion; it

who will die,” he said. Analysts said most traders a p- In what is feeling more and funds for corporate spending." cited weaker sales of audio and video equipment and semiconductors.

• Odes Myer Ltd, Australia’s hugest retailer, unvefled a 200 million New

Zealand dollar ($109 million) plan to float 60 percent erf Propessive
s # m 1 r~W tt jT- Enterprises, a supermarket chain that will rank as New Zealand’s 14th

China Models Hainan Trade Zone on Hong Kong ^ s_

o Merl . , v . _ , , „ . , . _ sign a pact with China to protect Taiwan investments on the mainland.

neuierj said Xiao Ceneng, deputy director of Hainan [he zone but thev must approach rhimw pro- _ _ . ...

SINGAPORE — A $25 million free-trade Province Economic Cooperation Department, ducers through state-owned trading firms in • Tata Engmeenng & Locomotive Co. oflndrn will manufacture aiilomo-
wrne to be built on China’s southern island of “It will be modeled after Hong Kong’s free- other pans ofChina, said Xie Ruxivke direc- We en S m esa nd spares for Germany's Danakr-Benz AG, which owns 10

Hainan by Japanese-led investors will be mod- market economy.” tor of Hainan Province Trade Department. percent of Tata, an Indian newspaper reported,

ded on Hong Kong’s free- wheeling economy, There will be no restrictions on remitting v ■ r ■ • Shell International Petroleum Co. said it signed a joint-venture pact

Chinese officials said Tuesday in Singapore. foreign currencies in and out of the zone, he said iium agai i-ia, aa paami s^^wned Petro Vietnam to build a lubricants plant in Vietnam.

, anna and VkJnun are ncgodaliiig two projecls to overhaul Vietnam’s

peared to be watching for what, if
anything, the government would
do to ny to arrest the steady ero-
sion in investor confidence. The
index has now lost about half its
value since reaching apeak on the
last trading day of 1989.

The market rose initially Tues-
day, as some investors probed for
a positive swing, then reversed
when the large trust accounts
held by corporations resumed
modest selling pressure.

In what is feeling more and

more tike a crisis atmosphere, ru-
mors spread that the government
would intervene to ensure that
the growing nervousness did not
turn into a panic and that the
seemingly endless erosion in
stock values did not further un-
dermine the already shaky confi-
dence in (he economy’s health.

While there is a clear inclina-
tion is government and business
circles not to let market forces
take their course without some
intervention, no one appears to
want to lake the first step. The
only specific idea appears to be a
reduction in offinal interest
rates. The yen has been declining
against the dollar, malting a cut in
rates difficult

On Tuesday, Mr. Hata said
that the monetary authorities
were holding private hearings
into financial conditions and tfr«r
they “are always in a standby
position to deal with the situation
properly."

That was taken as a hint that
the Bank erf Japan might cut in-
terest rates.

The prime minister, Mr.
Miyazawa, said the best thing for
the market would be qnkk pas-
sage of the gove rnment ^ budget,
which is expected to stimulate the

Hong Kong
Hang Sang

5150

<900

Straits

1600 —

Tokyo ‘
Nikkei 225

1S91 1992 1991

Exchange . index

Hoag Kong Hang Seng
Singapore Straits Times
Sydney AB Ordinaries
Tokyo Nikkei 225

Kuala Lumpu r Composite ^
Ba/uptok SET
Seoul Composfts Stock

Taipei “ Weighted Price
Manila . Composite *“
Jakarta Stock index

New Zealand NZS&40
Bombay .National index

Sources: Reuters, AFP

1992 199T 1992 .

Tuesday Prev. %

Oose Close '■ Change
5,04539 5.059.86 -029

1/14536 1.449.66 -45.30 .

1,578-90 1,586.70 -0.40

1&917.63 • t9.837.ra *0.41

594.49 591.74 +0.48

NJL 7S£29

*15,19 608,36 *1.12

4^89032 5,012.96 -2.45

W 1.106.61 *18 ■ .

27735 280)61 ■ -1.09

1^454.45 1,458.18 -QJ26

1,444^8 1,491.15 ' -ai6

luenunniuJ Herald Tribune

sluggish economy.

Mr. Miyazawa’ hinted, too, that
die gove rnmen t was contemplat-
ing some short-term measures to
bolster investors’ confidence.

Kozo Watanabe, the minister
of international trade »nd indus-
try. said Tuesday: “It is vital for
commercial batiks to drastically
cut their lending rates, providing
funds for corporate spending."

Reuters

SINGAPORE — A $25 million free-trade
zone to be built on China’s southern island of
Hainan by Japanese-led investors will be mod-
eled on Hong Kong’s free-wbeding economy,
Chin esc officials said Tuesday in Siogtmore.

The 1 5-year project, which will include ports,
holds and business centers and was approved
by Beijing last week, will be built in the Yangpu
area of Hainan, the officials said.

“The Yangpu Economic Development Zone
will be more opm than the other four of China's
special economic zones for foreign investors,"

said Xiao Ceneng. deputy director of Hainan
Province Economic Cooperation Department.
“It will be modeled after Hong Kong's free-
market economy.”

There will be no restrictions on remitting
foreign currencies in and out of the zone, he said.

“We are now consideriiie allowing foreign
h anks to accept deposits and lend money in the
Chinese currency in the new zone,” Mr. Xiao
added. "They are not allowed to do so in other
economic zones.”

Foreign investors also will be allowed to
trade directly with Chinese manufacturers in

ADVERTISEMENT

INTERNATIONAL FUNDS

the zone but they must approach Chinese pro-
ducers through state-owned trading firms in
other parts of China, said Xie Rtnti, vice direc-
tor of Hainan Province Trade Department

Kumagai Gumi (H.K.) Ltd, 35 percent
owned by the Japanese construction company
Kumagai Gumi Co., wQJ invest between $192

Kumagai Gumi Co., wQJ invest between $19.2
billion to S25.6 h ilHn n in infrastructure in
Yangpu over the next 15 years, Mr. Xiao said.

Kumagai Gumi in return will have a 70-year
lease to nm the free-trade zone, which will
cover 30 square kilometers (115 square miles).

March 17, 1992

aging steel industry, an official Chinese report said.

• Malaysia said a review of advertising rules was not directed against U.S.
products; industry sources said the government recently told distributors

of U.S. potatoes, Washh
advertisements could not

in apples and California grapes that their
shown. Reuters, AFP. AP

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Page 20

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

SPORTS

Keough Has Brain Surgery
Alter Being Hit by Foul Ball

The Associated Press

SCOTTSDALE, Arizona —
Matt Keough, a pitcher for the Cal-
ifornia Aqgdk was in critical con-
dition ana scheduled for further
brain tests Tuesday morning, a day
after be was hit in the head by a
foul ball and rushed into emergen-
cy surgery.

“The doctors have given die An-
gels no reason to believe that the
injury is life-threatening,” a team
spokesman, Tim Mead, said Mon-
day night. “He is resting in inten-
sive care.”

Keough, 36, who has not pitched
in the majors since 1986, was invit-
ed to the Angels' camp this spring.
He was sitting in the third-base
dugoul during the Calif omia-San
Francisco exhibition game when he
was hit in the right temple by a line-
drive foul ball off the bat of the
Giants' leadoff batter, John Patter-
son, in the first inning.

Keough underwent a craniotomy
a! Hospital,

at Scottsdale Memorial Hospit
across the street from the playing
field, to relieve pressure caused by
a blood dot on the brain.

Dr. Gordon Deen performed the
surgery after a brain scan revealed
an epidural hematoma, a blood dot
or pool of blood inside the sknIL

Keough’s father, Marty, a for-
mer major league player and now a
scout for die St Loins Cardinals,
was in the stands at Scottsdale Sta-
dium when the accident happened.

Other members of Keough's
family were flown in by the Angels
to Scottsdale, a suburb of Phoenix,
Mead said.

The Angels’ manager, Buck Rod-
gers, said: "It was awful. It sound-
ed lie it hit a squash.”

Don Robinson of the Angels,
who was pitching at the time, said:
“It hit him flush in the face. He
didn’t have a chance to get out of
the way.”

Keough is trying to cook bade
from two rotator cuff operations,
the latest 1 1 mouths ago. He was
scheduled to relieve Robinson and
pitch three or four innings.

Keough has pitched twice this
spring, allowing one run in five
innings. He was invited to the An-
gels’ camp last spring, but pitched

only twice before developing shoul-
der problems. He was with the
Hanshin Tigers of Japan's Central
League from 1987 to 1990.

In 1980, Keough won 16 games
for the Oakland Athletics and was
voted the American League’s
comeback player of the year. He is
58-84 with a 4.17 earned-run aver-
age in seven-plus major league sea-
sons.

■ Bncs Send Smiley to Twins

The Pittsburgh Pirates traded
20-game winner John Smiley to the
Minnesota Twins on Tuesday for
top pitching prospect Denny Nea-
gle and a minor-league outfielder.
The Associated Press reported.

The Pirates were faced with the
possibility of losing Smiley to free
agency at the md of the season, as
they are with outfielder Bany Bends.

Tuesday was Smiley s 27th birth-
day. He said it wasn’t a happy one.

Smiley was 20-8 last season with
a 3.08 earned-run average. The left-
hander tied for the major-league
lead in victories with Minnesota's
Scott Erickson. Atlanta’s Tom Gla-
vine and Detroit's Bill Gullickson.

Mral

Ian Botham had a langli at practice Tuesday as England's
World Cup cricket team got die happy news that its captain,
Graha m Gooch, will play Wethiesday against Zimbabwe.

For Lineker a Night for
Maradona a B

’ .Jiiv 1 ■ ! • •' t

i 'j&tz&ss

International Herald Tribune

The critical questions are: Can he play, should he^
lay, and where?

Iv face of soccer, John De Wolf will on Wednesday Lg Johnson way. Mara-

? -y«i WK 1

imeraaiivntu — - — --

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A?;*' 5 - ’ !* <*

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counter is ainady — “JSvLsdf what else ran he do? in Buenos Aires

a Rob SIT. » beOTOTCd^dabk m a TV soap openr His oomtty--

a Hughes ai pound scorn on hun, he retteautd e«i further

[S ridLg ou 1 into i^^^utteranoes that were etthffhalluajiatoiy or.

EMS^S^ 8 "* 8 drf ~ • *%SL, — to. Luciano Patrarodi t^edose'

De Wolf, the symbol of Feyenoord’s contaimg to dmgnosmg Maradona to BBCT^

» ■ i:™— „„ Me ian«r imc mom

- s vj: m

-IVaney St

De Wolf, the symbol oi reyenooros wuumuu* to magawauB
style, will be Linekers policeman, his jailer this night promoting a record irieas^W
Bdi there would be Du mhrdirf rather than sympathy victims, the anger discussed his own dre a m of. bcoom-

•. LI. I ,lial kae tilaimfv) I tru»lfPT

Lawyer Says Woman Won’t Drop Assault Case Against Mets

nuu uiwtw ^ - / t ^ , -

if the v ulner able hamstring that has plagued Lineker
tweaks » g«fn

The game, the business, is dm hard, that unloving.
Yet the hoar before he attempts to stop L ineker from
playing will. through De Wolfs private gift, be the
children’s hour. He echoes many feelings when he
says: “As a father myself, I know what he has
experienced.'’

We probably can only guess. George Lmeker is five

months through an excruciating nine months of die-

Pleasure t

vic tims, me anger qww w ww u» %*-** / #

mg a football star, and his lotas merely agrealtenor. , .m

T HE TWO are drastically different, Pavarotti fiJ- 1

said. “In music. I have to sing to regulation. Wcf W

nouM* nmsit ic P • ■ »»**

cannot make a mistake, can never exceed what is
written. It is the same for every actor. ■-

“In football, it is imagmation, genius, ganality.
Every movement is different, every game different
from the other. Tbe No.9” — which Pavorotti
tempted to be after starting out as a goalkeeper
“can be awful, horrendous for the first half, then make,

- it Kpmrrv ft onH n \

By Joe Sexton

New York Tima Service

PORT SAINT LUCIE, Florida — The
lawyer for the woman who has accused three
players for the New York Mets of raping her
last year says that his client anticipated the
storm of publicity that has raged around the
case and that she is determined to see the
investigation through to its conclusion.

“She knew it would be difficult,’’ said
Bernard Dempsey, an Orlando lawyer who
is counseling the New York Gty woman
“But it’s her intention to cooperate fully
with the authorities and she intends to con-
tinue to cooperate with them to the end.”

' The lawyer for Dwight Gooden, the pitch-
er who along with outfielders Vince Cole-
man and Daryl Boston have been identified
as the subjects of the investigation, said he
interpreted the woman's formal rape com-
plaint as part of a strategy that could have as
its aim a civil suit against the players.

The woman, who says she was raped in the
early hours of March 30, 1991. in a house
rented by Gooden, filed a complaint with
police here on March 3. Dempsey accompa-
nied her as she gave her statement

“It seems strange to me that she waits

nearly a year to make her complaint and
then arrives with a high-powered civil attor-
ney at her side,” said Joseph H. Hcarrotta,
Gooden’s lawyer in Tampa. “It appears
there is a lawsuit in tbe making.”

But friends of the woman have said that
she mentioned tbe incident weB before mak-
ing the formal complaint to the police. One
friend, who spoke on the condition of ano-

nymity, said tbe woman told him and other
dsinNew York about the incident soon

friai

after it happened and has since sought coun-
seling.

“She really has gone through a lot,” said
this friend.

Dempsey bluntly dianissed Ficairotta’s

insin uation that a financial settlement from

a civil damages suit was involved.

“We haven't even thought of it; it hasn’t
even been a matter of discuss ion," Dempsey
said. “The only thing she retained me for
was to provide herself with someone in Flor-
ida she could turn to for advice in what she
knew was going to be a very trying period.”

Dempsey declined to discuss the specifics
of his client's complaint, and would offer no
public explanation for the delay of nearly a
year before she came forward.

He also insisted that published reports of

the specifics of the investigation contained
numerous inaccuracies. Bui he would not
spell them out

Ftcairotta said Gooden was innocent of
all of the allegations, and he said Gooden
had been, and would continue to be, cooper-
ative with the police in their investigation.

“The allegations are totally untrue,” said
Fkairotta. “Dwight Gooden and people like
him are apparently fair game for people to
go after ”

As the lawyers debated the woman’s moti-

vation, the police received a several-page
what the

report on what the authorities would only
say was “physical evidence” connected to
the case.

Lieutenant Scott BartaL who is involved
in the investigation, refused to discuss the
report.

The police said they had not yet talked to
the players but expected them to cooperate.

“All we are doing is trying to corroborate
tbe many thing* she said happened,” Bartal
said of the woman’s statement to tbe police.
“We’re talking to people who might have
some information that might help us.”

Ficarrotta said Gooden had not yet been
asked to appear for questioning by the po-

lice, and he said that when, and if. he was,
Gooden might invoke his Fifth Amend-
ment protections and decline to answer
questions.

He added, though, that by law Gooden
and the other players could be forced to
provide the police with blood and hair
samples as well as photographs of them-
selves.

Bartal said that while the woman was in
Florida to file the formal complaint she was
shown a collection of photographs, includ-
ing those of tbe three players for the Mets.
He would not say whether tbe woman posi-
tively identified any of the three as her
attackers.

Much like the atmosphere in tbe Mets
clubhouse here, virtually a curtain of silence
has fallen around the case in official circles
here, a comfortable coastal town of pines
and palm trees.

Officials who do speak most frequently
speak two words: “No comment.”

The police say they are following the same
procedures they would in any case of this
nature. Their silence is amplified, many say.
because of the din of attention focused on
the case.

TTWWirmi LIII C H1K II fill OtUlMOUUg aam/um-v » «— Wi« w ,i « • - _ . ;

molherapy treatment, and as his faiher told the Queen duee goals in the second half ana beocroe agoa.
of England a week ago: “So far. Ma’am, so good.” Like mo

Wednesday is also a year to tbe day that Diego
Maradona’s drug addiction became public knowledge.
The superstar failed a routine dope test in Naples and
n afterward ~ L ~ ' '

soon afterward fled to Buenos Aires, where he was
thrown into greater limbo after being apprehended
with yet more cocaine.

Perhaps by coincidence, possibly by some Latin
taste for irony, this Wednesday is scheduled for his who ru
judge, Amelia Berraz Vidal, to pronounce whether we again. On the
are likely to see the little genius ever perform again. *r un-m .mt

Y-. J tRJ.1 1 . X.h. i. In Tirh.»tk»*r Ttaim

most I talians, the man knows his soccer. He

knows that Maradona is perhaps die most instinctive

No. 10 there has been, and that there is no other stage,'

acting or anything else, onto which he can perform.

What happens when age roles out soccer only time
will tdL It hasn’t come to that yet; Maradona is 31 and,
(hastened as be is, tbe sport would welcome him back.

Europe right now is desperate for ima g in ative- No.
10s, with Ruud GnlhYs ngury jinx having strode.
again On the verge of a $7 mini on contract to stay
AC Milan until 1995, he was hurt last Sunday when be;
tore another cartilage.

Meanwhile, England’s Paul Gascoigne enters the

■r::r rtctett

'rcf jre #1

QCLCbU) LUC gallic OUU all IL uiu iul mail UIV UVM *

loves it with a childhood passion he never outgrew.

B UT AFTER swearing he would never see Naples
a gain, there are plans for him to fly there next
month to parley with Napoli's president, Corrado
Feriaino, who has never given np his contractural
c laims to Maradona's last years. It would be a less
than rapturous “homecoming. ” with a suspended pris-
on sentence imposed for his drug involvement in
Naples and a paternity suit forever threatened.

Iliuruiiaiu AW u ou vu

examination to decide whether Lazio takes him set for
May, he moves gingerly. ' l

This week, a month ahead of expectation, be had the
surgical wires removed from the right knee. He has
played in gentie five-a-side training, and the task now*
is to restrain him. - 1

It is like keeping a playful puppy down. But restrain
him, his keepers must There are too few No. 10s £h
soccer already. •’

fbbHi&a cf Ar&nfaf TOns. •*

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Vf* J

BOOKS

PEANUTS

w rVE SEEN THE BEST OF
IT”: Memoirs

By Joseph W. Alsop with Adam Platt.
495 pages. Illustrated. $ 29.95. W. W.
Norton & Co. Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue.
New York, N.Y. WHO.

Reviewed by

Christopher Lehmann-Haupt

I N a preface to these memoirs written
shortly before he died on Aug. 28,
1989. at 78, Joseph W. Alsop says that
when his doctor told him he had lung
cancer, the news did not greatly surprise
him, since be bad smoked 95 cigarettes a

day^ until not so many years earlier.

adds: “To my more real surprise,
the news did not enormously distress me,
either. I have had an improbably lucky
and satisfying life.” As his title puts it,
*Tve seen the best of it.”

He certainly saw one extreme of life, if
one is to judge from these appealingly
memoirs, which take him from
; childhood through nearly half a cen-
tury as a newspaper columnist and up to
the assassination of President John F.
Kennedy. They were written by a youn-
ger friend, Adam Plait, because the con-
sequence of Alsop’s bypass surgery in
1982 was, for reasons he never quite
understood, “near-total writer’s bloat.”

One remembers Alsop most vividly
from tbe late 1960s. when his avid sup-
port of the U. S. in Vietnam led him to
lose touch with his audience. As he him-
self puts it, “The troth is, I could no
longer understand what was happening
in America, perhaps because 1 had final-
ly become an old man, frozen in the
viewpoints of the past.” But up to that
point his life reads like a golden dream.

A slightly-Iess-weD-off cousin of both
Theodore arid Franklin D. Roosevelt, he
was nevertheless reared as a “cosseted
child of privilege” on a gentleman’s farm
in Avon, Connecticut, and sent off to
Groton and Harvard for his education.

His life might have continued to be a
feast of books and drinks at the Porcel-
han Club had not his grandmother noted
that his letters to her from Harvard
showed a talent for writing and thought
to persuade “dear Helen Reid” to give
him a job at the New York Herald Tri-
bune. which the Reids then owned.

He went to work for the Trib in 1932,
and by the end of 1937 he had been
assigned to Washington, given his own
column to write and plunged into the

capital's social swim, where he mixed
with everyone who counted, from his
cousin the president on up to his cousin
Alice Roosevelt Longworth.

World War II took him to Burma,
where he served with Colonel Claire L.
Cbennault’s American Volunteer Group
and witnessed the catastrophic (for fu-
ture Chinese- American relations} wran-
gle between Generalissimo Chiang Kai-
shek and General Joseph W. StflwelL

Peace took him home again to what he
describes as the mediocrity of the Eisen-
hower administration and the abomina-
tion of McCartbyism, which he and his
younger brother Stewart, who by then
co-wrote the column, attacked unslint-
ingly. Finally came the climax of his
career, when his good young friend John
F. Kennedy was elected president.

And then abruptly J. F. K.'s life was
cut short, thereby robbing the country of
someone who Alsop believes would have
been a great enough wartime leader to
have stayed the course in Vietnam.

Up to a point, Alsop invites the reader
into what he calls **my world." He shares
some of the strict roles of dress and

deportment by which the members of
what he calls “the WASP Ascendancy”
identified one another. He offers advice
on how to write a political column: “I
believed then, and believe still, that if a
columnist bases his material solely on
personal conviction, within six months
the problem of becoming repetitious
raises its ugly head in an inflamed way.”

Yet at the same time he keeps the
reader outside. He repeatedly laments
the snobbery and exclusivity of his
world, but be leaves considerable doubt
that he would have wanted it any other
way. And while he seemingly presents
the intimate details of his life, at tbe same
time he withholds them.

As he writes of his travel experiences:
“The world I was born into was, quite

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except in patches protected by their re-
moteness”

But he saw the best of it. and he shares
a little of it with us.

Christopher Lehmann-Haupt is on the
staff of The New York Times.

I THAT SCRAMBLED WORD CAME

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THAT PERFUME
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FICTION

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John Grisham 1 1

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Crichton I 5

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Brooks I .. . !. 1

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Ripley 5 23

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Koootz 7 S

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Sara Paretsiy 8 5

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son Braun .. I

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GO. bv Dr. Scutt 13 100

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by Robert Stone I

NONFICTION

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By Steve Berkowitz

JRaftfigom jPau Service

WASHINGTON — Al one moment Missis*
appi Valley State University’s president, Wil-
li am W. Sutton, is taDdug about not wanting to
°vu<uui ,hasT7 e sports. He is talking about the
^™y l ban cT s being sdected to play daring
President George Bush’s recent vist to Missis-
sipre. He is talking abotn some of the school’s
academic achievements.

Then, the next moment, he is »»TVfnp about
tbe degree to which Mississippi Valley State
owes its existence to the fr«»n team’s ap-
pearance in the 1986 National Collegiate Atn-
* S Association’s championship tournament
And he is m Firing about how «««eh more the
school will be helped by its first trip hack to the
tournament sing e th»i crucial one in 1986.

.The name Mississippi Valley State has be en
sppeariog in the press since the Ddia Devils
won the Southwestern Athletic Conference
tournament and an automatic NCAA tourna-
ment bid There win be more coverage tins week
as its first-round pwe approaches and is
played. Eventually, there will be a hefty check
for its share of tournament revenues.

NCAA Bid: For Small Schools ? Just the Ticket

Months from now. Mississippi Valley State good program, people are going to give more meats for an automatic bid this season, the but he and other university officials said they
may see increased student rarollmcnt, fund- oonsiucnition to making a jaf tuke they dkL" play-ins have been temporarily riiminarwt believed that the publicity and revenue generat-

Months from now, Mississippi Valley State
may see increased student enrollment, fund-
raising and perhaps even a couple of recruits.

Nearly all of these things also have happened
to Southwest Missouri State, which mD be
maldngits fifth NCAA tournament appearance
in six years and its seventh consecutive postsea-
son appearance.

“Basketball has become a big breadwinner
for us," said Southwest Missouri State’s athletic
director, Bill Rowe. He added that the team’s
success was a main reason why in the school’s
athletic fund-raising rocketed from 542,000 in
1982 to 51JZ million in ] 99 ).

Along the way, Southwest Missouri State has
received a S400.000 gift from alumni John and
Novella Whittington that endows scholarships
for the starting five players.

“If they didn't tike the success and the way
the program is handled — they like the way
Charlie handles the program," Rowe said, re-
ferring to Spoonhour, the coach. “1/ you have a

good program, people are going to give more
consideration to making a gift tike they dkL”

Pat Kennedy, now the coach at Florida State,
recalled his years at Iona, which included four
consecutive postseason bids — two for the
National Invitation Tournament, two for the
NCAA tournament.

“It's an ultimate dream at an Iona to be in the
NCAA tournament,'" he said. “That’s why you
sec those teams react the way they react" when
they win the conference tournaments.

Teams tike Mississippi Valley State, Dela-
ware and Campbell. Teams like Howard. East-
ern Illin ois ana Fordham. Last season. Ford-
ham won 25 games, won the Patriot league
regular season and tournament championships,
then lost a play-in game that became necessary
when the number of conferences eligible for
automatic bids for the NCAA tournament was
greater than the number of automatic bids
available in the 64-team field. Because three
conferences did not meet the NCAA's require-

ments for an automatic bid this season, the
play-ins have been temporarily riiminniwi
“There's no substitute for getting in," said
Fordham ’s coach, Nick Macarcbuk. “For other
schools, who have been to the tournament mil-
lions of times, it may not be that important."
But “for us" be said, “we're really happy."
But even Fordhom’s happiness this season
cannot match what Mississippi Valley State felt
in 1986. In the face of statewide budget prob-
lems that year, the Mississippi College Board
had recommended in January that the state
legislature dose a number of state schools,
including debt-ridden MVSU. Although the
legislature did not act on the idea, the me**ag*
was dear: Valley State was in deep trouble.

In March, however, the Delta Devils won the
SWAC tournament. Then in the NCAA tour-
nament, they lost by 85-78 to Duke, which was
ranked No. 1 in the country and went on to
reach the national championship pmw
Sutton wasn't MVSLPs president at the time.

ed by the team’s success helped save the school
“1 don’t think it was the only factor,” said
Sutton, who became president in July 1988.
“But I think it was a factor.”

He added, “Anything that heightens the im-
age of an institution hdps when people are
questioning its existence."

Like most conferences, the SWAC has a
revenue-sharing program that enables each
school to receive some NCAA tournament
money each year no matter which one actually
plays. But as is the case with most conferences
that have revenue-sharing, the school that goes
to the tournament receives the biggest share
Of course, the NCAA tournament can mean
much more Than that revenue check. Howard's
athletic director, David Simmons, said the Bi-
son “just have to" have a new facility that is
larger than 2^00-scat Burr Gymnasium. Bat he
knows there is no way that will happen if the

team draws crowds in the hundreds, as it did
while struggling early in the season. But as the
Risfwi moved into first place in the Mid- E a s ter n
Athletic Conference, sellouts became regular.

Now, with the tournament beginning this
week, Simmons cheerfully described the athlet-
ic department as “a zoo."

For other schools, there is a correlation be-
tween winning places in the tournament and
losing coaches. For example, after Les Robinson
got East Tennessee State to the 1989 and 1990
tournaments. North Carolina Stale hired him.

An assistant. Alan LeForoe, took over. He
has led the Buccaneers to two more NCAA -
tournament bids. But that kind of sustained
success also is a product of recruiting. And in
conferences that usually receive only their auto-
matic bid, a program that establishes itself as a
perennial contender for an NCAA bid can gain
an enormous edge over its rivals.

The impact an NCAA tournament bid can
have on a school may not always seem to make
sense. But as Sutton said: “When the basketball
team represents the school in the NCAA tour-
nament, h heightens the image and respect for
the schooL I'm not certain whether that’s right
or wrong, but that’s the way it is.”

Pleasure and Pain at Howard

Beard Has Team in NCAA Tourney, but It Isn’t the NBA

By Harvey Araton

New York Times Service

NEW YORK — Moments after Howard University
had beaten Florida A&M for the Midcaslem Athletic
Conference tournament title in Norfolk, Virginia,
Butch Beard received a congratulatory hug from his
son, Cory, along with a heartfelt apology.

*Tm sorry. Dad,"_Cory told his rather. “1 should’ve
been able to bdp you win.”

A 6-foot, 4-inch (193-centimeter) freshman guard,
Cory was Howard’s second-leading scorer through the
first 1 1 games of the season before he flunked off the
team. The coach was not as disappointed as the team’s
academic adviser.

“We knew, academically, that Cory was a little
borderline,” said Butch Beard, the holder of both job
titles at the school in Washington. D.C. “But it was
di sa pp oin ting for him, and for me."

His son. Beard knew, had no i „

one to blame but himself. There " eanl ««

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would be no excuses made. Cory pnnnofi f
was banded a scholarship. He euuugui

is from a family that has known Count th<
success in higher education. * »•. i
His father has a college degree. Of White
Ruth Ann Beard, his mother, is nlavpra s
completing a doctorate in educa- Pv WO) *
tion at the University of Louis- contempt
ville. . r

This was not the first time that

the 44-year-old Beard had to expe-

lienee a mix of professional and personal frustrations.

For years after his 10-year career in the National
Basketball Association as a journeyman paint guard,
be hung around the league in various roles, hoping for
the chance to be a head coach. As an assistant under
Red Holzman with die New York Knkks and WIDis
Reed and Bill Fitch with the New Jersey Nets, he
refused to believe he didn’t have it in him.

• Some players in American team sports have what is
regarded as the look of a future manager or coach.
Usually theseplayers are not the super-skilled as much
as they are tough, smart, authoritative, overachievmg
and — last but certainly not least — white. Butch
Beard — the player — was all but one of the above.

• While Rick Barry was the engine that drove the
1974-75 NBA champion Golden State Warriors,
Beard did his share of the steering as that team’s
second-best contributor in assists and rebounds, while
third in scoring and second in the league in field-goal
percentage.

- Wherever he went — from Atlanta to Cleveland to
Seattle to Golden State to New York — Beard was a
leader who was never afraid to say what he thought
. Even those who didn't like what Beard had to say
had to respect his candor. When Reed, then coach of
the Knicks, was about to cm him in November 1978,

5COREBOARD

Beard doesn’t have
enough fingers to
count the number
of white f role’
players, all
contemporaries, now
NBA head coaches.

Beard refused to wait for the ax. After a game in New
Orleans, be banded Reed his uniform and went home
to Louisville.

When Holzman relieved Reed weeks later, his first
act was to bring Beard back as his assistant And Reed,
when he resurfaced as the coach of the Nets in 1988,
did likewise. But there were no offers to be a had
coach in the NBA.

Some people believed Beard might have been too
outspoken for his own gpod. That never seemed to be a
handicap for men like Hubie Brown — the greatest
basketball mind to ever produce a 45 percent NBA
career winning percentage — and Doug Moe. Or
Kevin Loughery and BQl Fitch. Or Earl Weaver and
Miy^Martin, not to let major league baseball off the

It is an old yet valid criticism that blacks who have
gotten head coaching jobs in the

, i NBA have tended to be former su-

sn t nave peistars, like Reed and BiORusselL

„ eTB iq They also tend to be low-key,

® un threatening personalities, like

Lumber K.C. Jones and Don Chaney, who

I , were fired this season by Seattle

«C and Houston. That leaves Wes

Unseld and Lenny Wfikens, two

more outwardly placid men, as the
only black head coaches in the

, league.

coacbes. ^ ^ ^^00 an oasis

erf progressive sports thinking, sud-
denly has as many blacks in head coaching positions
as the National Football League

“That stuff has been going on for a long time."
said Beard, who doesn't have enough fingers to count
the number of white former “role” players — all of
them his contemporaries in the NBA — who now are
holding jobs as head coaches. For a starting five,
Chris Ford, Mike Dtmleavy, Ride Addman. Matt
Guokas and Allan Bristow came to mind. Off the
bench, Pat Riley, Phil Jackson. Don Nelson and
Jerry Sloan.

Beard had one year left on his contract as Fitch's
assistant when he accepted the job last season at
Howard, a predominantly black school He decided it
was time to get off a fine that didn’t appear to be
taking Mm to the front

After an 8-20 first season. Beard’s team is 17-13, 12-
4 in the conference and malting its first NCAA tourna-
ment appearance since 1981. He says he is happy. But
he does look bade.

“Sometimes I wonder, ‘What would have happened
if I stayed with the Nets and they did decide to replace
Fitch a few months ag oT " said Beard.

He knows the answer, actually.

“I think,” he said, “this was a good move for me."

In Florida,
Tennis Is
A Shocker

The Assjdated Press

KEY BISCAYNE, Florida —
John McEnroe made a rare trip
to Florida seeking a boost in his
ranking and his confidence.

Mission accomplished.

McEnroe upset seventh-
ranked Goran Ivanisevic, 5-7. 7-
5, 7-5, Monday night in the third
round of the international Play-
ers Championships.

Then a more shocking upset
was orchestrated by Robbie
Weiss, a qualifier from Ponte Ve-
dra Beach, Florida, who sur-
prised second-ranked Stefan Ed-
berg, 6-3, 3-6, 64. At No. 289,
Weiss is the lowest-ranked play-
er ever to beat Edberg.

But because of the idiosyn-’
cratic nature of the ATP Tour’s
computer, if Jim Courier fails to
reacn Sunday’s final Edberg wfll
still supplant him as No. 1.

T don’t deserve to get up
there," Edberg said He added,
“Fm playing some of the worst
tennis I've played for many,
many years.”

The second-ranked Swede was
saving with a 40-15 lead in the
final game, but Weiss won the
final four points of the match.

“It’s pretty amazing,'’ said
Weiss, a 25-year-old native of
Chicago with one pro title to his
credit

Courier barely advanced him-
self. The defending champion
was struggling against Andris
Gdmez mthdr final set when the
veteran from Ecuador retired be-
cause of a sore left ankle.

McEnroe, playing singles in
South Florida for the first time
since 1981, traded barbs fre-
quently with taunting fans as be
outlasted Ivanisevic in 2 hours,
39 minutes.

"Do you have any problems,
other than that you're unetn-

Tbe 289th-ranked Robbie Weiss got a rise out of beating
Stefan Edberg in the International Players Champiansbips.

ployed and a moron?” McEnroe
shouted at one fan.

The match contrasted Ivanise-
vic’s power with McEnroe’s deft
touch. The American won the
final three games, breaking
Ivanisevic twice.

“He was out of control,”
Ivanisevic said. “Those three
games he played were the best
tennis 1 ever saw from him."

“Any time you can beat a top
10 player, it’s a huge win for me,”

said McEnroe, whose No. 34
ranking is his lowest once before
he was a surprising Wimbledon
semifinalist in 1977.

Jimmy Connors lost his last
seven service games and the
match fourth-ranked Pete Sam-
pras, 6-3, 6-2, in their first meet-
ing.

“I don't think Emmas good a
shape as I should be, but that’s
why I’m playing at this time of
year” said Connors, 39.

NBA Standings

EASTERN CONFERENCE

.

AlteaHcDfvtstoii
W L

Pet

OB

{lew York

37 25

A09

—

Boston

36 27

JS4

Vh

PMtadetoMa

30 35

-462

*1 1

Miami

» 36

ASS

10

NBwJgrwv

» 35

A5S

18

Washington

22 44

333

18

Orlando

IS 50

331

MM

x-Chlcam

Central Mvlsiep
54 12

sn

_

Chnratand

43 20

M3

TVS

Detroit

40 26

MS

14

Atlanta

31 34

jm

22%

Imfiana

31 36

MS

23Y»

AUlwaukM

28 35

AM

241*

diartatto

25 36

an

Z7V*

WESTERN CONFERENCE

Utah

Midwest Dlvlslaa
43 23

Mt

—

San Antonio

40 25

MS

21*

Houston

36 30

-545

7

Denver

21 43

3BS

21

Da Has

17 4B

30.

251*

Minnesota

11 32

.175

301*

Portland

ptJdflC DWtSlOS

46 17

708

—

Golden State

42 20

jsn

21*

phoenix

42 24

JOS

41*

Seattle

36 29

JS4

10

i_A. Clippers

34 31

729

17

LA. LaSers

34 31

.523

12

suuuinento

28 45

JOB

20

, x-eftactad PtosaW berth

MONDAY'S RESULTS

LA. Lom* 25 11 n »-«

Indiana MBS W-W

Dtvac7-UM32LGrw)n5-134413;MHier9.
14 54 M. Schrampf M4 S-5 ZL Rtbom«H-LM
AihmM** 53 (Green 13], Indiana 32 (Sdsrampf
n). Assists— LM Anar les 21 (Tmait 10), In-
diana 27 (Person S).

Chlago 30 24 32 30— 1M

Miami 20 If 27 20-100

Jordan 15-272-7 37, Grant 8-T3+620J 5eflu*y 9-
143421, Burton 0-M 04 W. Befcooods— cwoaoo
47 (Ptppen UI.MIaml 47 (Safcatr W. Aw*t*s—
QUcaiio 33 (Jordan 13), Miami 30 (Cota •).
Charlotte H K 26 25-117

San Antario M 10 31 M-II2

L-loftnson 11-225-727, Bowes M© 4-4 22, GUI
0-1*2-220; RaM nson 11-17 0-1031, Cummings 0-
77 4-1 22. RobOMNls— Charlotte 45 (L-Mmsan
10), Sen Antonio Si (RoMnion 12). AtsWo—
Charlotte 28 (Bogues U>, San Antonio 22
I Strickland 17).

The AP Top 25

The Tffl-f2 flool port, wttn drsl-ptoce vote*
la parentheses, records Uroaah March lb
total points based oo 23 potato fora find Place
wato thnnta oao paw hr a 2Mi alaca woto
aad last week's ranking*:

V

ii0

I tV n winMl 32 23 23 71 111

IS. 32 22 M Mi

, W1 Mora 10-15 5^ 2S. Plice 0-160Q 1B; Eoefcta

jl-19 44 26. EIHson 10-12 1-1 21. Ke tmoiU -
Cleveland 45 (Wlllloim 11). wmajiwtw'j*
i Ellison 11).

arty, Price 4), Washington Zi ***”*"■
ri i 34 2f U **

U 21 » 10—77

FerrelllO-lS 2-222, WllllsO-TttOW^Scdlev^

101-1 13.Dumora4.1444 U.UdniheerWM

J2, 1. Thomas 4-14 3-7 12, talrl*i WMU
jHWnds Atlanta 41 (W tills >0). Detroit 47
/ Hodman TD- AiiUlS 1 A Hanta 23 (Volkov W,
.Detroit 21 ILThomos 111.

Record Ptl Pvs

1. Duke (64)

28-2

U24 1

2. Kmos

26-4

1543 3

X Ohio 51.

2 W

1461 5

A UCLA

254

WTO 8

i Indiana

23-6

1766 4

6 . Kentucky

264

TJM2 7

7. UNLV (1)

26-2

1.182 7

B. Southern Cal

23-5

1.164 10

9. Arkansas

25-7

1481 6

m Arizona

264

IMS 2

1L Oklahoma 51.

26-7

757 11

12. Clndnnotl

254

788 12

13. Alabama

254

685 17

14. Mlenioan St

21-7

640 16

15. Mtchtoan

204

634 14

16. Missouri

204

557 13

17. Massachusetts

284

533 22

IB. North Carolina

21-9

486 20

19. Setan Hall

21-4

471 15

20. Florida St.

20*

427 18

21. Syracuse

21-9

363 —

21 Georgetown

21-f

328 21

21 Oktahama

21-8

243 24

24 D* Patti

20-8

187 17

25. LSU

204

161 23

The AP AH-Amoilcans

The 177742 Associated Press AiKAmrtca
basketbaN team wttti key season stattsNa
■f total solos In paroatkeMS. Voting hr a 42-
areashcr nationw i de panel of swtleri aad
hnadaater* was oa a S4-I bails:

First Team

Christian Loettnor, 6-11. senior. Duke. 21 J.
7.7 nw. 5TJS fa pcU S 7J 3-otto pet, xi steals
(315 points).

ShaauUte O'Neal, 7-1, luntor, L5U, 234 poo,
14.1 rpa. 3J Mocks. 613 fa pet. (307).

Jim Jacksan,64, lunler, OWo state.230 ppo.
6lrpaA.lapw51Jfopct,44J3-ptfgpcti (100).

Harold Miner, Mi, lunlor. Southern Cal, 267
PPO, 7U rpg. (291).

Alonzo Mourn bio, Ma senior. Geanxtawn.
2U pm, 114 rag, 50 blacks. 57-1 to pM. (257).

Second Team

Walt wnuams, 64. senior, MarylanA 264
PPO, £6 rpa. 34 apa, 11 steals (172).

Byron Houston, 6-7, senior, Oklahoma Slate.
2U PPO, 19 rpa 514 fg net (143).

Den MocLeaiv 6-KL senior, UCLA. 21.1 POD, 1
74 rpa. 724 ft Pd. (141).

Anthony Peeler, 64. senior. MtoourL 234
PPO. 54 Ida. 34 OPS, 22 steals (126).

Adam Koefa. 64. senior. Stanford, 254 apa,
124 rppu 545 fp pet^ 34 apa (125).

Third Team

Todd Day, W. senior, Arkansas, 234 pp» 72
rpg,11 apa. 24 steals, missed 12aama (111).

Bobby Harley, 6^1, lunlor. Duke, 13.1 opo.74
opb (100).

Malik SeaJy. 6-7. senior, St. John's, 22J poo.
17 rpa, 24 shots (77).

Colbert Cheanoy. 64. lunlor, Indiana, 174
ppo, 47 rpa. 514 to pet. (54).

Lee Mayberry. 6-2. senior. Arkansan. 154
ppo. 54 asa, 23 steab (40).

Honorable Mention

Damon Bailey. Indiana; Vln Baker. Hart-
lard; Tony Bennett, WHeons b ^Creen Bay;
Nathan Call, Brigham You no; Sam Cassell,
F lor Ido 5 tots; Parrish Casefilor. Evansville;
Douo Christie. Pepperdlne; Hubert Davis,
North Carolina; Terry Deltere, Setan HalL

Ad* EarL Iowa; LaPhonsa Ellis, Notre
Dame; Tom Goal lotto. North Carolina State;
Aidemeo Hardaway. Memphis State; Grant
Hill, Duke; Robert Horry, Alabama; AHan
Houston, Tennessee; Alarm Jamison, Kan-
sas; Herb Jones, Cincinnati; Popov* Jones,
Murray Skrte; Adonis Jordon. Kansas.

Terrel I L owe r y, Loyola Morymount; Jamal

Msshbum. Kentucky; Jim McCoy, Mam
dkisettv avis MU is, Arlxana; Oliver Miller,
Arkaneas; Eric Montrass. North Carolina;
Tracv Murray, UCLA; Terrence Rancher,
Tesas; Sean Rooks, Artiana; Rodney Rosen,
wake Forest.

Jatefi Rose, Michigan; Reginald Staler. Wy-
oming; Curts Smith, Connecticut; Elmore
Saencer.UNLV; Bryant 5ttth, Virginia; Rex
Wo Iters. Kamos; Clarence Wealherspaon.
Southern AUsstalppI,’ Henry wnitoms, N.C
Charlotte; Randy Woods, La Salle.

HOCKEY

NHL Standings

WALES CONFERENCE
Patrick DtvWoa

W L T Pis OF OA
x-N.Y. Rangers 45 23 4 74 292 227

x-Wmtilnafon 40 24 7 B7 293 ZH

New Jersey 34 26 10 78 Z6 22

Pittsburgh 33 29 ■ 74 301 270

N.Y. Islanders 30 33 8 61 257 277

Philadelphia 27 32 11 65 212 233

Adams DhrfskM

x -Mon heal 41 24 I 90 241 181

x-Bastoa 32 29 10 74 237 20

x-BuHalo 27 32 11 65 252 257

Hartford 23 36 11 57 215 248

Quebec 16 43 11 43 ZU 282

CAMPBELL CONFERENCE
Norris DMstoo

W L T Ptl OF OA

X- Detroit 37 21 11 IS 285 230

Chieaoo 31 26 14 76 228 212

St. Louis 32 30 7 73 246 241

Minnesota 30 33 5 65 219 240

Taranto 26 38 7 99 272 260

Smytte Division

x-Vancouver 39 21 10 88 259 ZH)

Los Angeles 32 27 13 77 257 263

Edmonton 32 30 B 72 251 255

Winnipeg 27 31 13 67 211 217

Catoary 26 35 10 62 260 277

San Jose 16 *9 5 37 in 308

27 31 13 67 211 217
26 35 10 62 260 277

MONDAY’S RESULTS
Mo n tre al 1 • *— 1

N.Y. Hamers 1 l 2-4

NDan (61; Nemddnov (28). Ogradnlck (17).
Graves (23),Mcaler(3i).5hetsoa goal: Mon-

treal (on vanblafarnucM 10-10-13-33. New
York (on RbyJ 10-1I-B-27.

Hartford 1 3 M

Catoory 2 0 1-3

Hollk 120). Carrtveau (7), Zakxskl (17) 2;
Madnnis (181 3. sbats on goal: Hartford Ion
Vernon) 13-20-7—40. Calgary (on Whitmore)
06-15-33.

BASEBALL
AoMricae League

CLEVELAND — Sent Terry Clark, Victor
Garcia and Greg Rascoe. Pitchers; Ron
Jann outfielder.- mb Lopez, taflehter; Kelly
snmwn. catcher to minor league camo for
reassignment. Sent Jerry DlPetp, Tom Kra-
mer and Jell Mutts. Pitchers; Lee Ttastov.
outftokta to Colorado; Pacific Coast League.
Put Fred Toliver, pitcher, on watvers for pur-
pose of granting his unconditional rertase.

OAKLAND— Sent Todd van Papoel, Haggle
Harris. John Briscoe, and David Zoncanonx
Pitchers; Gus Pohdur and Brent Coles, in-
fTdders; Eric Helfand and Kurt Brawn, catch-
ers, to minor leoaue camp tor reasstonmait.

TEXAS— Stoned Stove BafbonL Rrat base-
man, to minor -teasue contract, invited Glenn
Wilson, outfielder, to minor league camp.

Nflttooai Leaeae

CHICAGO— Sent Eton Paulina, first base-
man, to lawa American Association and f*e-
dra Castollm, third bas e man, to Charlotte,
Southern League.

CINCINNATI— Sent Bobby Ayala Trevor
Hoffman, Tim Puoh, Jason Satre, Rom Powell
md Tkn Drummond, pitchers; Stem Seiko
and Joe Szekely. catchers; Jeff Branson, Bri-
an Lane, Gary Green and Russ Mormon, In-
ftetders; Cesar Hernandez, Geronlmo Ber-
raa, Nkk Caora, and Jeff Schulz, outfielders,
to mlnor-ieoaue camp tor reasslgnmant. Put
Bob Geran. catcher.an watvers lor purpose of
granting his unconditional release.

HOUSTON— Onttoned Tony Eusebkv catch-
er, to Jackson. Texas League Sent Mickey
Brantley and Joe MHwiHc. outfielders; Scott
Mafcarewicx and John MassMIt, cat c hers;
and Dave Richards, pitcher; to mlnar league
camp tor assignment.

PITTSBURGH— Sent Jose Tofentlna and
Joe Itedfleld. inMders; Keith Miller, outfield-
er. to minor-league camp for roassJgnmenl.

SAN FRANCISCO— Sent Don August, John-
ny Ard, Pout McClellan, Randy Veres, and

F1HEL00P7

Duke’s Laettner,
LSU’s O’Neal Top
All-America Team

Rafael Novoa, Pitchers; Mark Bailey, catch-
er; Andres Santana, hifMder, and Stove Ho-
sey and Ted Wood, outfielder, to minor league
camp tor reassignment.

FOOTBALL

HaMaud FoottaaB League
LA. RAMS— Named Pat Per les assistant
cooch.

MINNESOTA— Agreed to terms with Roger
Cra la. nmnlng back.

N.Y. JETS— Signed Joe Ftshbock, safety,
and Reb Carpenter, wide receiver.
Re-skmed Blaise Bryant, running bock.

PITT SB u ROH— Signed Duval Love, guard,
and Mark Royals, punter.

SAN FRANCISCO— Named Mike Sakai
llgfit ends cooch ond offensive line assistant
TAMPA BAY— Stoned Bruce Reuters, of-
fensive Unemon; Ml [ton Mock ond Joe Kina,
defensive backs; and Mark Ducketts, defen-
sive lineman. Agreed to terms with John
Hunter, offensive linemen. Named Terry
Wooten assistant to the president and Scott
Smith media relations a s sistant.

HOCKEY

Motional Hockey League
NEW JERSEY— Recalled and Erickson,
ooaltender, tram Utica. AHL.

I_A. KINGS— Recalled Shawn McGoNi, cen-
ter, from Phoenix, I ML
MINNESOTA— Sent Kip Miller, center, to
Kalamazoo. IHL.

Exhibition

MONDAY'S RESULTS
Cincinnati (n) Z Pitt sbu rgh 1
Oifcwa WMle Sox fss) B, Atlanta 4
Detroit 4. Si. Louts 2
Los Angeles 7, Boston (ssl 8
Cincinnati (ss) 7. Kansas Cttv (ss) 0
Montreal 3. Houston 1
K.Y. Mob 2. Kansas City (ss) 1
Texas & Minnesota S. 10 Innings
Taranto 5. Philadelphia 0
Beaton (ss) 7. Chicago White 5ax (ss) 2
Chicago Cube 7, Cleveland 8
San Frondscn 7. California 6
Seattle 7, San Diego 4
Oakload & Milwaukee 4
Baltimore & N.Y. Yankees 0

(ss denotes splU-sauad games)

guard for the Tigers, as a first-team
selection. Hie 7-2 O’Neal was four
votes shy of being a unanimous
pick.

“This shows all young people
that hard work truly pays off,” said
Dale Brown, the LSU coach, “Sha-
quille was cut from his high school
team as a freshman and was told he
was too slow and his feet were too
big. He was encouraged to be a
goalie in soccer. Now he repeats as
first team All-American. Hard
work and perseverance do pay off.”

Miner, the guard who averaged
26.7 pants and almost as many'
thrills per game, was named on 52
first-team votes.

Jackson, a 6-6 swingman who
was a second-team selection last
season, received 58 first-team
votes, wh3e Mourning, at 6-10 the
latest of the strong centers to
emerge from Georgetown, had 37.

Jadcson averaged 23 points, 6.8
rebounds and 4.1 assists while
shooting 45 percent from 3-point
ran g e.

Mourning averaged 21.5 pants
and 11 rebounds and was the only
player above the sophomore class
on the Hoyas' roster.

LSUs four-year run with an All-
American leaves the school one
season — O’Neal does have one
year of eligibility remaining — shy
of matching the record set by
UCLA from 1971-75. The Bruins,
who had Lew Aland or as an All-
American from 1967-69, did cot
have a first-team selection in 1976
and then had at least one for the
next three seasons.

Duke's last AD- American was
Danny Ferry in 1989 and George-
town was last represented two sea-
sons prior to that by Reggie Wil-
liams. Ohio State last had an AD-
Ammcan in 1964, when center
Gany Bradds repeated, and Miner
is the first such selection from the
Trojans.

Gollit to Have Surgery on Knee

MILAN (AP) — Rond Gullit, the star midfielder of AC Milan and the
Dutch national team, is to have surgery on tom cartilage in his left knee
and wiD be sidelined for about 40 days, team doctors said Tuesday.

The operation will be done Monday in Belgium by Dr. Marc Martens.
Martens operated on Gullit’s right knee in 1989, when the Dutch player
was sidelined for almost the entire season,

• English soccer players were being asked Tuesday to vote on a strike
after their deadline passed oa talks over television revenue and the
running of the Premier League that is to debut next August. (Reuters)

• Marius Johan Ooft, 44, the former managing director of the Dutch
team FC Utrecht, has been hired to prepare Japan's national team for the
1 9944 World Cup, the Japan Soccer Association said Tuesday. (AP)

Yale Crews Sink in Tampa Bay

TAMPA, Florida (AP) — Nineteen members of Yale University’s
crews were rescued from Tampa Bay after a wave swamped their two
boats Monday.

The rowers were spotted off Davis Island dinging to their overturned
sculls and a buoy. Yale’s crews have been training during spring break at
the University of Tampa, where they competed m a regatta last week.

For the Record

Kooishfld, the American wrestler, eked out victory Tuesday to tie for the
lead after 10 days of the 15-day Spring Grand Sumo Tournament. (UP I)

Claude Criqmefion will appeal against the acquittal of OmnrfiBn Steve
Bauer on charges that he knocked down the Belgian near the finish to a
world cycling championship race four years ago. (Reuters)

Terry Norris, the WBC super welterweight champion, will fight WBA
welterweight champ Mddrick Taylor for Norris’s c rown May 9 in Las
Vegas. (AP)

The Associated Press

NEW YORK — Christian
Laettner, who led Duke to the na-
tional championship last^ear find

back atop the rankings this season,
was a unanimous choice for The
Associated Press All-America

team.

Shaquille O’Neal was the lane
repeater from 1991, giving LSU its
fourth first-team selection in as
man y years.

Alonzo Mourning of George-
town and Laettner were the only
seniors selected Monday as O'Neal
was joined by fellow juniors Har-
old Miner of Southern Cal and Jim-
my Jackson of Ohio State. (See
Scoreboard)

The 6-foot, 11-inch (2.13-meter)
Laettner, a second-team selection
as a junior and (he most valuable
player in last year’s NCAA finals,
was named to the first team on all
63 ballots by the same nationwide
poll of writera and broadcasters
that selects the weekly top 25. Vot-
ing was doie on a 5-3-1 basis.

Laettner averaged 21.9 points
and 13 rebounds for the Blue Dev-
ils, which held the No. 1 ranking all
season as defending NCAA cham-
pions. His game has been augment-
ed of late with a new weapon —the
3-pointer. Laettner has made 47 of
82 attempts, 57 percent.

“I think I practice as hard or as
Jong as anyone on our team or
anyone that I've come across in
four years.” Laettner said. “I think
that is a strength of mine. It’s sane-
tiring I need to keep in my person-
ality for the rest of my life."

O’Neal averaged 23.6 points, was
the nation's second-leading re-
bounder (14.1) and tied for the top
spot in blocked shots with Mourn-
ing (5.0). O’Neal became the 43d
player to repeat as an Ah- Ameri-
can. KBs appearance as a sopho-
more last season followed the con-
secutive years erf Chris Jackson, a

Quotable

• Jim Valvano, the basketball coach turned commentator: “Think
about what I do for a living: I watch college basketball and talk, two of
my roost favorite things in the whole world. It beats heavy lifting.”

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Page 22

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992

* r

OBSERVER

Usuality as Usual

By Russell Baker
Y17ASHINGT0N — What was
V V interesting about Paul Tson-
m was how uninteresting be was.
This raised a happy possifflity. For
years presidential politics had been
a dosed science, which is to say,
everything that could be learned
juXtal it had been learned bug,
long ago. It was a finished system
whose mechanics were so thor-
oughly understood that it was left
basically in the hands of engineers.

The engineers, usually profes-
sionals without political philoso-
phy created and operated the

painted talking dummi es which, as

had been scientifically demonstrat-
ed, made die only plausible or, to
use the professional jargon, “elect-
able” candidates.

As illustrated most recently in
Bush campaigns, the engineers take

polls to find oat what the public
wants to hear, then buQd the de-
sired noises into their creation.
(“Message: 1 care.”) Since the/ are
creating an image and not portray-
ing a human brin& they garnish it
wub vivid pictures staged to be-
muse vast numbers of entertain-
men t-g! acted people prate to in-
stant boredom.

The result is to make the modem
presidential campaign seem as de-
pressingly inevitable as a Sunday
afternoon in February. The thing is
all inescapable, mind-numbing,
soul-grinding usualness.

□

No wonder fewer people vote in
each passing election. Toe osualicy
Of the business is SO rimtening to
the senses that people tend to for-
get that what’s really going on is
not just a performance by the usual
suspects out also a vital struggle to
decide who gets the lion’s share erf
the national purse.

The unusualness of Tsongas
threatened to let fresh air into this
year’s proceedings, tor he was an
insult to every engineer’s idea of
what a candidate must look like,
sound like and be like. TelegenicaJ-
ly, for example, he was out of the
question.

Since 1960 when the Kennedy
people transformed the churchly
word “charisma” into a tacky syn-
onym for “glamour” there had nev-
er been a candidate with less of the
holy stuff of celebritude than Tson-
gas.

He looked like a professional
mourner. His voice broke m the
wrong places, his eyes rolled at the

wrong time, his smile was a catas-
trophe, a smile he might have
bought from a shady used-smile
dealer.

As if that weren't bad enough, he
had had cancer. Cancer! We were
scarcely a generation away from a
time when cancer was such an un-
speakable word that Americans
wouldn’t let obituary writers reveal
that next-of-kin bad died of it.

In 1976 a political reporter dis-
missed Monts Udafl’s presidential
candidacy by saying. “America
isn’t ready to be governed by a one-
eyed divorced Mormon.” Now
Tsongas was asking America to ac-
cept cancer.

Defying engineering, Tsongas’s
early successes provided a little op-
timism about a political system
that seemed in danger of mummifi-
cation. Perhaps there was more to
malting a president th^p the engi-
neers suspected. If Soviet commu-
nism could collapse in an afternoon
like the one-hoss shay, might
American politics also slough off
the old usual ways'?

The answer seems to be no. Clin-
ton’s successes seem to bear os re-
lentlessly back toward usuality. He
is the classic engineering product: a
smile he must have been born with,
seductive Southern accent, skill in
the usual political mechanics ad-
mixed by the land of reporters
whose enthusiasm can help turn the
usual candidate into a “front-run-
ner” fat with headlines.

Just now. for instance, tons of
press ink suggest he has the cun-
ning to bring black voters and low-
er-income white voters into a win-
ning coalition for Democrats.

Maybe be does. Still it sounds
like the usual engineering explana-
tion why the usual mechanics work
better than a “vision thing” for
getting to the White House.

It would have been high span
watching the Republicans’ master-
ful well-poisoning engineers wres-
tle with the difficulty of designing
commercials to destroy square, up-
right, uncharismatic Tsongas.

Too bad to miss that, but usua-
lity seems about to deaden the air
a gain as usuaL As Damon Runyon
noted. “The race may not always be
to the swift nor the victory to the
strong, but that’s the way to bet h."

New York Tuna Sendee

Beyond the Gender Wars:
What Men and Women Say

-|a M !

By Henry Allen

H’lafangtan Past Service

P RINCETON, New Jersey — Let’s say that Deborah
Tannen has written the bock ofihe’90s — not too risky
a daim heroine we’ve only had two years of the ’90s and the
book has spent most of them at the top of the bestseller Ksl
T he name of it is “You Just Don’t Understand: Women
and Men in Conversation.”

“HE: I’m really tired. I didn’t sleep wdl last night.
“SHE: 1 didn't sleep weD either. 1 never do.

“HE: Why are you crying to belittle me?

“SHE: Tm not! Tm just riving to show that I under-
stand!”

On and on. the firefighis and
ambushes of gender conflict life n — - ■■

itself. The bode answers a lot of
questions we’ve been asking so l.mPnintHw I
UmgdiM «\e foc&nui « ask DeborahXa]

written the I

boss is without him coming up 1990s.

with the equivalent erf the Mar-
shall Plan for restructuring her

career? (She wants sympathy, be

feds she’s asking him to solve a problem.)

Why are men less likely than women to ask directions
when they’re lost? (Men value their independence more,
and don’t like to get into exchanges where they feel they’re
one down. Women don’t worry so much about bang one
down because they value communicatioa more than hier-
archy.)

Tannen will say: ‘Tins is the most co mm on response
that I get from people, overwhelmingly: T couldn’t bebeve
that I saw myself on every page; I couldn't believe it, r
thought my wife and I were the only ones who had that.’
And it was spooky that they read h in a bock, I mean I was
told this by people in other countries.”

A professor erf linguistics at Georgetown, currently in
residence at the Institute tor Advanced Study in Prince-
ton, she is a taDish, demure woman of 46. She is a New
Yorker most of whose Brooklyn accent was harried out <rf
her by teachers at Hunter College High School She has a
small bright anile, and on one recent afternoon in the
institute cafeteria, she wore a bulk)' cotton sweater, a plaid
shirt, big earrings and two rings. She looked like a shrink
dressed for Saturday morning patients.

Bong at the institute is one of the larger honors that
academia offers, sort of the equivalent of Val-

halla with a big lawn. Emtetn spent years there, safely
behind the crepe-soled curmudgeonly of faculty-meeting
frustrations. Even in the cafeteria you fed the calm auster-
ity of the place, a transcendent matter-of-factness that
seems almost blithe — Epstein's bust of Emstem against
the walk the sixth-century Antioch mosaic, the scholars
with a provisional and birdHke air about them, sitting in
Brener chairs, paying no attention to their food as they eat
it, and talking with vaguely inappropriate gestures.

Tannen talked a lot about her theories, but she also
betrayed the cool acuteness of a true Hsteoer, a watchful-
ness that may have arisen from the childhood case of

mumps that krft her partly deaf. She extracted a hearing
aid from under her hair and held it in her band. “Because
I’m hard of hearing, I always learned to listen very
carefully and to pick up cues from everything other than
what people said because I often missed the words that
they said. And, you know, in some sense you could say
that’s really what I’ve made a Irving on, by picking up all
the subtle thing s other than the actual words.

Reading Tannea’s book is a tittle like reading a novel
masquer ading as tingnistic analy sis — all three conversa-
tions. analyzed with a sort of 18ih-centiity dicer and
intensity, and framed with aphoristic certainties: “Each
person’s life is lived as a series of conversations.” And a
wonderful first line in Chapter 1 :
___________ “Many years ago I was married

to a man who shouted at me.”
Linguistics Professor Except that if it’s a novel, the

n . _ . major Character is you. That’s the

Deborah Tannen may have feeling.

written the book of the JfSSKS £toi£

1990s. sucocss. After decades of femi-

nist ba&hismo. you might look at

that title and see another traa cm

rank? faflurc to care; to share; to
cuddle, to huddle; or another bit of pop-psych secular
e vangelism about victims, survivors, the child within,
dependence, independence, co-dependence.

PEOPLE

jV. Y. Woman Clams

gram, no tips lor oetter nvmg. Most ot Her tan man is trozn
men too — she refuses to take sides in the gender battle.
And Tanoen not only has a million, copies erf this book in
print — anuQkm — die is also in reridenoe at the Institute
for Advanced Study.

Unlike the purveyors of self-help weepotogy, Tannen
has done the research. She has a doctorate intingnistks
from Berkeley, die’s a professor at Georgetown, die has a
16-page academic rfenmfc, die writes papers with tides
such as “Interactive Frames and Knowledge Schemas in
Interaction,” and she hates die endless demands for her
advice, her appearance on television.

Ah, but integrity and scholarship have rarely sold wdl
in America unless accompanied tty a foreign accent pref-
erably German, or by the sort ctf dramatic persona that
Tannen utterly lades. But here she is, & best seller in the
United States, Germany, the Netherlands and England

In 298 pages about subtleties and intonations and meta-
messages between the sexes, there is no sex whatsoever. “I
suppose you’re right, I don’t tend to think about it,” sbe
said. She giggled

How nice to read a book about a world where men and
women can actually talk, argue and so on as if they were
wandering through the garden in a Jane Austen novel
How nice to be freed at last from the dicta of Freud, who
after all the popularizes got through seemed to be tdfing
as that everything was sex. sex. sex.

In Tannen’s garden, there is no *"»!«*» , either, no snide
im pliratintw no u gl y undertimes, instead, there's more of
an atmosphoe of cozy bef addlement, like some happy
squalor out of Dickens, Mr. Peggotty and his family
around the hearth, say.

“Because I say everybody means weD?” she asked. “I

The Ne* YofkTtaa

Tmmen doesn’t take sides in fee battie o# the sexes.

say tn the introduction 1 realize that everybody doesn’t
mean well, there arepeopk who are cut to get you, but I
say that's not news, what 1 spend my time doing is what 1
think needs to be done. In other words, nobody needs me
to tell them that their partner is sometimes a creep. But
whar I ted is news and what needs to be demonstrated is
that they don't always intend that effect.”

In its genial way, Tannen’s book frees us from a notion
of human discourse that was about as useful as Shaker
furniture is comfortably though both are to be admired
for their gorgeous simplicity. The point is, plain malting
is not posable. There is always spin on the baH Any
linguist knows ihlt

lot erf the sdf-hdp books and psychology have
misled people that way,” Tannen said, “because they’ve
said, ’Just talk about it Just tdl them what you fed , and
then there won’t be amr problem.' So there has been a high
level of frustration. The psychological thing has pretty
much takot over the public mnwl as an explanation of
human behavior. So I red, yeah, part of it is that by taking
a linguistic approach, it’s new .

Finally, die has escaped the political carrectnesspolke
and said quite simply that men and women are different.
Sbe escaped by refusing to say whether it’s nature or
culture that makes them differmt She just deals with what
she's studied as a fingmst. Writing about videotapes of
boys talking with boys and girls talking with girts, she
says: “I had the feeling 1 was looking at two diffaent
species.” And further oo: “Gender is a category that will
not go away."

PUrida J. Thompson rays she
met ter father only once, when she
was 3. Thompson, a pixrfessw ot
women's studies at Lehman Ctf*
kgc in New York, says she is t™

oSy child of

the celebrated poet of the Bolshe-
vik Revolution, bora after a ro-
mance in 1925 between Maya-
kovsky, then visiting New York,
and her mother, ESezerda Petrov-
na Stebert, a member of the Rus-
sian gentry who had fled her home-
land. Her mother's husband, an
gfigt tat, man pamflri George Jones,
“brought me up as a daughter," she
told New York magazine. She re-
vealed her parentage in an inter-
view with a Soviet journalist last
April, but came forward ag ain after
an article in Vanity Fair referred to
Mayakovsky’s haring had an ille-
gitimate daughter with a Russian-
American woman. “Z was incensed
by that,” she said. “1 am his natural
or biological daughter. I am also a
feminist, and we are moving away
from those kinds of pejorative, pa-
triarchal terms.”

David Bowie, Elton John and
George Michael will headline an
AITS benefit tribute to Freddie
Mercury, who died of the disease
last year. Tbe April 20 concert ai
Wembley Stadium will feature An-
nie Lennox, Seal, Roger Dattrey,
bn Hunter, Robert Plant, Pari
Young, and U2 playing live from
California. Mcnairy’s Queen col-
leagues. Brian May, John Deacon
and Roger Taylor, will star. Mercu-
ry died Nov. 24 at age 45, the day
after he announced be had AIDS.

Mkk Jagger is to become a
grandfather at age 48, a few months
after the birth of his fifth child.
Jade, the 20-year-old daughter of
the Rolling Stones singer and
Bianca Jaeger, said in an interview
published in London Tuesday that
she was expecting a baby in June.

□

Woody Allen says his reputation
as an intellectual is bogus. “People
always think Tm being facetious
when I say it was only because of
my glasses,” he told the Los Ange-
les Times. “Tve just never been an
intellectual but I have this look. 1
would be very disappointing in a
conversation with a group of intel-
lectuals.”-

TODAY’S

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